品质管理方法
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <font size="3">品质管理可用一个字来概括就是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>推<span lang="EN-US">” </span>,在工厂里要推动设计部门、工艺部门、生产部门、采购部门、公司领导层、品质部门内部甚至供应商乃至客户等来一起解决问题。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"> 品质管理还可用两个字来概括就是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>沟通<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,说到底解决问题就是要和各个部门沟通,和领导、同事、下属沟通,和客户、内部、供应商沟通,有效的沟通可以解决绝大部分问题。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"> 品质管理可分为两部分,一部分是产品的品质管理,另一部分是人(工作)的品质管理。产品品质包括四部分:策划(质量计划、检验标准、实验计划等),控制(<span lang="EN-US">IQC</span>、<span lang="EN-US">PQC</span>、<span lang="EN-US">OQC</span>),保证(可靠性测试、售后服务、<span lang="EN-US">ISO9000</span>及其它体系)、评估(供应商评估、体系审核、产品质量评估等);人(工作)的品质也包括四部分:工作态度、培训、绩效考核、激励。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">品质部的核心工作是发现问题,一般分为以下几部分:来料检验(<span lang="EN-US">IQC</span>)、制程检验(<span lang="EN-US">IPQC</span>)、成品检验(<span lang="EN-US">FQC</span>)、出货检验(<span lang="EN-US">OQC</span>)、品质工程(<span lang="EN-US">QE</span>)、品质体系(<span lang="EN-US">QS</span>)。一般来说品质工程(<span lang="EN-US">QE</span>)除了负责分析解决现场的问题之外还要肩负起实验室的重大使命。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">以上每一个部分几乎都是为检验、发现问题而存在的,所以说品质部的核心工作是发现问题,或者还有人说核心是流程管理、体系建设,或者说是设计及实验决定了产品的基本质量,或者说是过程控制,或者说是预防为主,或者说领导重视、质量成本、统计技术等。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"><strong>品质体系的构成</strong>:</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"> 文件化的质量体系只是基础,关键是要看具体执行者的行为表现。而现实情况是,我们虽然通过文件规范了行为,但是往往却无法按照我们所要求的去做,也就是通常我们所说的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>品质体系<span lang="EN-US">”</span>与<span lang="EN-US">“</span>管理行为<span lang="EN-US">”</span>两层分化现象。我们的产品是通过服务者来完成的,人的因素至关重要。当然,建立一个易于操作的品质体系不是一件容易的事,它必须经历建立、落实、磨合、突破、改善的过程,而且,最难的是一个组织的领导对品质管理的认识,是为了做样子、应付,还是真的讲究品质。总之,该说的一定要说到,说到的一定要做到。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"><strong>品质管理的方法</strong>:</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"> 目前,外部市场的竟争不外乎是品质、价格、服务三要项,谁要主宰市场就必需要取得品质、价格、服务的绝对领先。经历过一些公司,皆有以下问题:为了达成产值,产量目标,从而投入大批人力、工时,反而造成新进人员低品质,多任务时,低效率。从品质管理来看:</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font size="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">大量新进员工缺乏品质管制意识。</span></strong></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><font size="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">2. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">基层干部缺乏工作教导实务经验。</span></strong></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><font size="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">3. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">整体忙于目标产值追求,问题盲点即不断发生。</span></strong></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><font size="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">4. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">虽然问题有分析,但是落实度很差,执行力度欠缺。</span></strong></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><font size="4"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">5. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">人的品质待教育,生产制程要改善,产品良率须提升。</span></strong></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"> 内部品质管理一般包函三个层面:现品、现场、现人(即产品的品质、过程的品质和人的品质)。只有高素质的人在最佳过程中,从事研发生产<span lang="EN-US">,</span>才可能制造出优良的产品。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3"> 产品品质好坏必是决定于生产过程中<span lang="EN-US">5MIE</span>(人员、机器、物料、方法、环境、量测),尤其人的品质是决定产品品质的关键。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">品质异常处理:要以新旧<span lang="EN-US">QC</span>手法对不良因素分析,但最重要的是对矫正对策及预防措施方案之执行,一般工厂不良因素主要是人为管理,物料异常最多,而人为管理疏失往往是产品重工及客诉的最大要因。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">因此,应以教育训练来提升人的品质,并落实改善品质措施。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">、<strong>短期(立即执行)</strong></font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font size="3"> 用<span lang="EN-US">QC</span>手法对问题进行探讨,认真实施对策,依循<span lang="EN-US">PDCA</span>(<span lang="EN-US">Plan</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Do</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Check</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Action</span>)或<span lang="EN-US">DMAIC(Definable</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Measurement</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Analyse</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Improvement</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Control)</span>时时从不同角度考量如何改善。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="3">、<strong>中期(有效训练措施)</strong></font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font size="3"> 可实施<span lang="EN-US">QCC</span>活动,每周两小时,针对每个岗位一周以来报表反应出来的品质状况,让作业员对品质管理提</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="3">出看法与问题,使其有参与感,进而加重其责任心,品管圈活动中可运用脑力激荡,<span lang="EN-US">QC</span>手法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>品质改善提案,<span lang="EN-US">QCC</span>竟赛等各类管理训练措施。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、<strong>长期(积极教育训练)</strong></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="3"> 不定期或按计划全面实施前、过程到成果都做品质教育。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="3">公司可举办季度品管圈竟赛,品质征文,征图,品质标语,并品质演讲等意识教育,用来凝聚形成公司全体品质意识,从而提升全员无形中的品质观念。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="3"> 品质管理与各服务中心的关系:</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="3"> 品质管理与各服务中心的关系应该是监督控制,检查现场服务与体系的符合性,是合理控制而不是限制;总结交流,把各服务中心的优势经验总结后推广,让大家少走弯路做的更好,将失败教训也要反思总结,告诉大家不要在相同的问题上犯错误;互相尊重,行为不对改行为,体系有缺陷改体系,不能本位主义,要尊重现场,毕竟现场是体系的实际操作者;共同提高,体系是为产品服务的,体系的持续改进要从理论到实践,再回到理论,形成良性循环。总之,要做受欢迎、被尊重的品质管理者。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font size="3">品质管理是企业管理中一个重要的管理系统,但决不是唯一的,要尊重其他的管理系统,要善于接纳来自各方面的意见。品质管理的最终目的是为了提高绩效,决不是为了写文件。</font></span></span></span></p> <p>实践难呀,我书也看了不少,就是运行起来难</p> 道理都懂.实践难啊<br/><br/> <p> 用什么都难啊!!</p> <p>兄台的大作,我看了二次了,每每读来,都感慨莫名,深知而有所不作为,悲也</p> <p>同感,想起来怎么怎么弄,执行起来好难,做不到点</p> <p>老板支持相对就容易</p> 很有同感,我感觉现在做质量管理工作真的有点精疲力竭的味道啊.
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