[原创]管理者的境界与层次
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">领导者修炼的层次与境界</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">前不久,从人大淘回一本书。今天周末,闲来无事,随手翻到一篇文章,叫作《领导者的新工作:建立学习型组织》,作者是大名鼎鼎的彼得</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">圣吉(代表作《第五项修炼》!)。文章是影印版本,结尾很有意思,是这样的:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">The wicked leader is he who the people despise.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The good leader is he who the people revers.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The great leader is he who the people say,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">“</span><span lang="EN-US">we did it ourselves</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">”</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 189.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">——</span><span lang="EN-US">Lao Tsu</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">这个</span><span lang="EN-US">Lao Tsu</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">是谁呢?其实,他是中国人,</span><span lang="EN-US">Lao Tsu</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">是老子的洋名。这段话用白话说大致就是:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">糟透了的领导是老百姓蔑视的那些;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">好的领导是老百姓尊敬的那些;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">伟大的领导则在于老百姓会说“事情是我们自个儿干的。”</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">回忆看过的《道德经》,原文是这样说的:“大上,下知有之,其次亲誉之,其次畏之,其下侮之。信不足,案有不信。猷呵!贵其言也。成功遂事,而百姓谓我自然。”</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">原来,老子原话是把领导者分了四层,最好的领导者百姓只知道有他;其次是老百姓亲近他、赞誉他;再次一等的是老百姓害怕他;最次的就是老百姓侮辱他。第三等的领导在英语译文中被“吃雷”掉了。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第一层次的领导者对被领导者而言只是“知有之”,即“无为”的领导者。但“无为”不是“不为”,而是“为”的方法不同。按韩非子在《主道》的主张,领导者无为而治的方法和准则在于:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第一、领导者要坚守虚静。因为,虚心才能知道事物真相,静气才能知道自己行动的善恶,也就是心态要平和;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第二、领导者要审合形名,看属下的言与行、事与功是否相符,要保持信息渠道的通畅,不能让属下封闭了领导者的信息来源,同时杜绝属下擅自发号施令、控制财产、培植私党、个人施恩,保持领导者的绝对权柄;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第三、建立法度,正确运用赏罚。人多是功利主义者,趋利避害,所以要把潜规则变成显规则,大家都明白行为的后果和预期,通过正面激励和负面处罚,让老百姓知道该干嘛就干嘛。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">能达到这个层次的领导者,高,实在是高!不说其他,就是自我修炼的功夫也相当了得,城府深沉,行事老辣,泰山崩于前而面色不变。有了这样的心理素质,就有了“无为”的先决条件。无为的境界,表面上看,事情是老百姓自己干的,却是按领导者设定的轨道在运行。就像天上的行星,看过去是他们运动无章可循,实际上,却被太阳的引力吸引,乖乖的围绕太阳周围,在各自的轨道上运动。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第二层次的领导者是为老百姓亲近、赞誉的那些人。这个问题不好判断。有权优势,当然是百姓趋附的对象,你可以决定我的生死、富贵,至少是饭碗、薪水,只要脸皮稍微厚一点人的,都会来亲近领导者。从传统看,中国的文化讲究尊卑、长幼;在职场中,你具有比我高的职位,当然我要从职业的角度尊敬你,服从你的决策,但是,不一定是我认可你这个人,打心眼儿里服你。所以,就有一部分领导被这种现象蒙蔽,自己感觉还不错,虽然不是无为而治,但也达到了收百姓爱戴的层次了。谬也!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第三层次,最实在,是老百姓“畏之”的领导者。马基雅维利(后文简称马哥)说:“人们的爱戴之情是他们自己作出的选择,其危惧之心取决于君主的选择,明君应当尽量求诸自身而不是求诸他人”,所以“令人畏惧要比受人爱戴更安全”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">当然若同时获得百姓的爱戴和敬畏是更好的,但做单选题时,宁可要选择令人危惧。其根据在于人性避险逐利。大多数人善于反复无常、装模作样、虚情假意、忘恩负义,只会在你不需要的时候,给你表决心和显示忠诚,而一旦真的需要,他们却不理你。但你若是能使百姓害怕,他们就不敢欺瞒和怠慢于你了。“人们冒犯一个自己爱戴的人要比冒犯一个自己畏惧的人较少顾虑,因为爱戴维系于思义,而由于人性之恶,人们随时都会为了自身利益而忘恩负义;但是危惧之心,却会由于害怕必定降临的惩罚而持之有恒。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">所以,口号是:不能被人爱,就让人害怕!</span><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">第四层次,领导者为百姓蔑视和侮辱。被人痛恶的领导,表现有很多方面。对这个层次,不讨论领导如何被百姓轻侮,只谈谈如何避免受到轻侮。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">马哥的看法很简单“令人危惧又不受憎恨是可以圆满兼顾的,做到这一点不难,只要不对公民或臣民的财产妻女打主意就行了。”把这个说法转换一下,只要职场中的领导给的薪水合理,发放及时,不对职员进行性骚扰,处理员工正当,基本上就不会受到憎恨了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">鉴于“多数人都是以貌取人”的,至少还要从表面上表现出仁慈、虔诚、正直、人道,千万不要让无视优秀品质的言论脱口而出。此外,“多变、轻率、柔弱、怯弱及优柔寡断”也是被百姓轻蔑的原因,所以在行动中要展示伟大、气魄、威严和力量!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p> <p>好文!</p><p>“领导者要坚守虚静,审合形名,建立法度”。</p><p>我要找一找韩非子《主道》来看一看,学习一下。</p> <p>第一层次很难,</p><p>第二三中和是很好,</p><p>第三层次比较多,</p><p>第四层次不谈也罢!</p> <p>受益非浅`</p><p>我不是一名管理者`但我学的是管理专业`很希望能够成为一名管理者`</p><p>我初次进栖息谷`就感觉这里的人不同于凡人,在此所学东西非常之多`</p><p>非常感谢家人的智慧和实力`渐渐的爱上这个坛子了`</p><p>close to you make me warm</p> 好领导的人格魅力很强,个人权力(指个人威望)很强;不好的领导,职务权力很强,喜欢耍权威,甚至以权谋私。 <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;">道德经的原文是:<u>太 上 , 不 知 有 之 ﹔</u> 无为而治才是最高境界。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"> </p>不过小心让老板以为你偷懒![此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-29 16:20:25编辑过] <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">楼的兄弟,道德经流传到现在版本繁多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">太上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">也好,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">大上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">也好,几无区别,两者在故汉语通用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">不知有之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">也好,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">下知有之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">也罢,各家版本也有区别。但拘泥一辞一句,而罔闻全篇通义,则是大谬。不论和种版本,结合全文,表示含义的都是:下位者只知道有领导者,但却感觉不到受到他的控制。至于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">无为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: ""; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ""; mso-hansi-font-family: ""; mso-bidi-font-family: "";">,绝对不是让领导者当个甩手掌柜啊!</span> <p>既能偷懒又能将工作做好,何乐而不为?可惜如果管理层次高了,许多人根本看不懂,以为天天无所事事。无为而治是胸怀和气魄之治,但是条件也太苛刻了,请问目前有哪些公司可以进行无为而治,或者是接近无为而治?</p> <p>楼主好象理解无为就是什么也不做,我认为无为就是只做自己该做的。但一般的老板都喜欢天天作忙碌状,疲于奔命的干部,认为是敬业的典范,其实那种人是不务正业。</p><p>对于古典文献,一般有大家公认的版本,楼主非要标新立异,我不敢苟同。求同存异吧。但你这篇文章确是好文。</p> <p><辛德勒名单>中主人公之所以能够在如此动荡的时期还可以建立如此庞大的工厂,其中他提到了一个词--power,我的理解就是既要有权利,还要有办好事情的能量\能力.</p>