[原创]海尔转型的思考与分析
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 海尔是我公司的竞争对手,前阶段海尔宣布放弃收购GE,并且表示将从制造型企业转型为营销型企业,对此进行简单的分析,一点浅见,希望能够抛砖引玉。</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">一、背景资料</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">近日多家媒体报道,海尔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">CEO</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">张瑞敏宣布放弃收购</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">GE</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">家电,与此同时他还表达了海尔集团彻底从制造型企业转型为营销型企业的战略,并在与台湾的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">OEM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">制造商谈判其部分工厂的转手事宜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">海尔放弃制造?转型成为品牌运营商?这一消息在家电业中掀起波澜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">一方面“中国制造”是中国的最著名的标签,另一方面,在家电业中,制造正是中国的优势,此外,在张瑞敏接手海尔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">年间,海尔的制造基地的扩张似乎从来没有停止过。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><br/> <p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">因此,这次张的言语自然引进了极大的关注。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">张瑞敏指出,亚洲企业并购失败都是因为商业上的巨大差异,我希望首先建立起我们自身更具竞争力的商业模式,随后再进行兼并会更见成效。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><br/> <p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">之所以发动如此深层次的产业转型,在张瑞敏看来,白电行业的竞争已不再由技术革命和产业规模的扩大来推动,找到合适的商业模式才能在竞争中处于不败之地,而要打造新的商业模式,必须改变以制造业为主的业务模式。这次海尔并不是要找纯粹的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">OEM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">商,而是希望与台湾的声宝、宝成等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">OEM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">商建立合资企业,之后再逐步减少在合资公司的股份,这是一种渐进式的退出方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> 不过对于海尔由制造型向营销型转型的做法,有业内人士表示,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">现在惠而浦、西门子等跨国白电巨头虽然将部分产品如微波炉、空调的制造转包给中国企业,但是对于洗衣机、冰箱等核心业务他们依然以自己生产为主,海尔将大部分业务外包的做法存在风险。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">”</span>[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-2 9:37:48编辑过] <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">二、海尔现状的简单分析</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">1</font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、庞大、多元的组织</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)中国综合性家电巨头,其对外公布的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2008</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">年销售收入为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">1220</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亿元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">(180</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亿美元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">) </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">——但实际的销售收入应该是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">700</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亿左右。大家电产品门类齐全,小家电产品较少。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)内部组织架构为集团</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">事业本部</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">事业部,但其事业本部不全是产品本部,还包括商流本部、物流本部等综合性单位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)据其对外宣传口径,截至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2008</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">年底,在全球建立了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">29</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">个制造基地,在国内还拥有青岛、大连、武汉、重庆、合肥、贵阳、顺德等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">大产业园。是第一家在海外(美国)建厂的中国家电企业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)共有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">万名员工。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)内部为集权式管理模式,各事业部主要负责生产,营销则由集团统筹,在各地建有工贸公司。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2</font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、强大的品牌影响力</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)海尔品牌的综合影响力在中国家电行业是最大的。海尔服务的口碑的确不错。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)唯一一个在全球市场以自有品牌出现的中国家电企业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)其文化与品牌在内外传播上具有高度的一致性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">但对海尔的品牌影响力、海外自主品牌的模式,业内人士褒贬不一,争议比较多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">比较有意思的是,海尔的文化、管理理念在外部很受推崇,是专家、教授、媒体重点关注和企业家学习的对象,但在家电业内似乎并不受尊重。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">3</font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、低利润的困惑</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)海尔的利润状况不容乐观。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2007</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">年只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">18</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亿元的净利润让海尔集团感到了前所未有的压力,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2008</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">年虽然利润同比增长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">20%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">,但是依然处于较低的水平。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">
<p></p></font></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)张瑞敏称,海尔面临的最大的困难是白电业务的利润已经薄如刀刃,利润率只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">2%-3%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,如果考虑到维修服务成本,海尔几乎是在零利润的情况下维持着规模超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">700</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">亿元的白电业务。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">三、为什么要转型-海尔的思路</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">在信息化时代,企业的位置已经改变了,过去是企业说了算,现在是用户说了算。企业唯一要抓住的就是两个字:速度,谁能以最快的速度提供给用户最快的服务,谁就能赢。从内部来讲,我们也需要能够使整个流程改变过来,和用户的需求相一致,所以海尔开始从制造业向服务业转变。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">
<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">张瑞敏接受《中外管理》采访时说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">现在是信息化时代,现金是企业的空气,无现金的利润不过是镜中花,能看不能拿。而且用户要的不是产品而是需求的满足,海尔开始从制造业的优势向服务业的优势转变,追求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">现金为王、网络为王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">,这都是应对当前金融危机的关键。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">张瑞敏接受《中外管理》采访时说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亚洲企业并购失败都是因为商业上的巨大差异,我希望首先建立起我们自身更具竞争力的商业模式,随后再进行兼并会更见成效。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">张瑞敏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">过去说创新,从外部来讲,主要是抓机遇。从内部来讲,过去说创新主要取决于领导人。比如说,杨绵绵总裁或者各个部门的领导,他们对市场特别敏感,抓住一个机会,销量就上去了。总之,那时的创新取决于市场的机遇和内部少数人对市场的敏感。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">是现在的创新,就要发展成一个体系了。如果过去是靠对创新的感悟,对机会的把握,那么现在则要打造创新的体系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">——张瑞敏接受《中外管理》采访时说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">我们的战略将是更多地进行外包。我认为,与其它产品有所不同的是,家电业的竞争不再受技术革命驱动。这个时候,你如何展现自身的竞争力呢?应该是利用商业模式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p align="right"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——张瑞敏</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">四、为什么要转型-我的思考(欢迎讨论)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、庞大的业务与组织,以及内部集权式的管理模式,管控难度增加。不如适当外包,降低管理幅度和管理难度,降低经营风险。——从这个方面看,可能海尔的经营可能存在较大的问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、现在的家电行业中,制造不是海尔的强项,品牌运营则是海尔擅长的。全部抓可能都抓不好,于是采取有抓有放的策略。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、台湾企业在制造方面有优势,比海尔自己做在成本控制上会更好。海尔则可以削减成本并加快为客户提供服务。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">
<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、当前经济形势不好,大部分台湾代工厂的经营状况不佳,其与海尔这样的企业合作的意愿可能也比较好。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、在当前的竞争形势下,如果要继续保持优势地位或不被淘汰,就必需不断地在制造(硬件设施)上投入,这样风险也会越来越大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、海尔进入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">1000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亿的规模后,再想在规模上大幅增长就比较困难了(何况家电尤其是白电的格局基本已定)。在此形势下张的思路开始转变,更关注资本回报率、资产质量,而不是增长率。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、从家电业的发展趋势可以看到,制造不断在转移。从欧美,到日本,到台湾,到中国,下一步是不是会转到其它成本更低的地方呢?如果这样对中国家电企业的影响将是巨大的,现在的投资将面临很大的风险(品牌则不受地域、劳动力成本的影响)。当然,中国在相当长的时期拥有低成本竞争优势,而且有强大的国内市场。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、以“颠覆式”创新,打破内部的沉旧体系,为组织注入新的活力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、逐步外包,可以降低以后的退出风险(首先外包的并非其优势产品,而是竞争优势不强的产品)。品牌运营商退出的风险比制造商要低很多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、减少内部交易成本,加快反应速度。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">五、转型的风险</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、海尔品牌并不具备像国际品牌(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">GE</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、惠而浦、三星、伊莱克斯等)一样强大的品牌影响力,现在就走国际品牌那套只做品牌不做生产的路子,似乎为时过早。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、中国消费者对品牌的认知相当部分来自于制造,如果消费者了解到海尔的产品并不由海尔制造,可能会产生负面影响。(前期海尔就因为代工事情受到一定影响——一海尔的代工厂为提升自己的影响力,对外宣称海尔的液晶电视由其代工,海尔马上出来避谣,称其产品全部自行生产)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、员工安置问题,尤其是海尔可能还有很多员工是集体企业职工的身份,这个工作处理起来可能也存在一定的麻烦。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、据媒体报道,海尔的优势项目如冰箱、洗衣机并不在外包之列,外包的是非优势项目,合作企业如何看待?双方能否真正合作好?存在一定的疑问。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、制造是中国企业的优势与根基,失去制造的支撑,海尔能够走多远?一旦在与代工企业的合作上出现问题,那将是很大的危机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">六、总体启示</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">对海尔这样的转型,不可能用一个简单的“对”或“错”可以评价。张瑞敏的真实动机也无从揣测,综合来看,有这几方面的启示:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、张瑞敏对商业模式的思考、大胆变革的勇气值得学习。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、任何创新都有风险,综合来看,海尔如果做这样的调整,风险相对而言还是比较大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、从另一角度看,海尔不过是把一些产品实行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">OEM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">,同时通过这一方式处理掉自己的一些资产设备等。这其实也没什么特别的地方,一向不甘寂寞的海尔是不是又在借此机会炒作、做秀?以海尔一贯的风格,不排除这样的可能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、业内人士的看法,海尔产品的品质方面除了冰洗产品,其它并不突出,如果能够通过外包,由台湾企业的制造实力来提升其品质,则可能是海尔强化产品品质的好机会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、张瑞敏这一创新之举,显示出其对商业模式的思考。商业模式也应该企业领导人最应该思考的问题。——关注商业模式、文化(商业模式确定方向,文化保证执行),而非具体的经营。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face=""><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、以后要想往海外扩张,进行并购,则首先要具备相应的管理能力,这其中道当其冲是品牌运营能力。跨国的家电企业基本上都是品牌运营者,一个制造型企业去兼并一个品牌企业的成功机会,非常之小。海尔此举,可以看做是建立品牌运营能力的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">张瑞敏——“亚洲企业并购失败都是因为商业上的巨大差异,我希望首先建立起我们自身更具竞争力的商业模式,随后再进行兼并会更见成效。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">
<p></p></font></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、海尔认为,中国家电企业难以拥有核心技术,总是受制于人,建立在制造上的竞争力,要么容易被对手模仿,要么容易被替代。而品牌不容易被模仿、建立,在资源有限的情况下,只能把资源向品牌方面倾斜。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">七、部分观点</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">现在惠而浦、西门子等跨国白电巨头虽然将部分产品如微波炉、空调的制造转包给中国企业,但是对于洗衣机、冰箱等核心业务他们依然以自己生产为主,海尔将大部分业务外包的做法存在风险。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">” <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">业内人士</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">海尔正在逐渐淡化其单纯生产型的企业形象,转而成为一种集生产、科研和技术服务、金融运营和其他多产业为一体的综合性大企业,这次张瑞敏又提出了营销型海尔的战略规划,接下来将生产基地剥离已势在必行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">家电营销专家罗清启</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">西门子、松下等国外品牌依靠良好的技术和产品优势抢夺我们的市场份额,同时又对海尔进行技术封锁,这导致我们在技术上的投入效果不如以前。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">海尔总裁杨绵绵</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">【全文完】</span></p> <p>海尔转型</p><p>并不看好</p><p>海尔看家的东西应该是制造和服务</p><p>很多海尔的管理精髓集中于此</p><p>舍弃了制造</p><p>去追求品牌经营</p><p>最起码现在还未到时候</p><p>可以尝试的是以工作模式进行逐步切割</p><p>逐步实现内部分离</p><p>到一定时候剥离制造</p><p>以另一品牌出现</p><p>逐渐将海尔制造淡出</p> <p>灯下黑</p> 海尔转型也是无奈之举,如今家电业的竞争空前激烈,加上被国美、苏宁等渠道商压缩利润空间,利润下降已经是不争的事实,不过不知道海尔究竟该怎么具体实施这个计划。。。
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