[分享]采购成本降低的策略与方法
<font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;"><div class="HtmlCode"><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">一、降低采购成本的十大手法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">根据统计全美</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Fortune200</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">公司所使用的成本降低手法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">最有效果的前十项如下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">由于各手法的执行成效因企业而异</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以下十项并无优先顺序可言。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 1. Value Analysis(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">价值分析</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,VA) <p></p></span></b></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">2. Value Engineering(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">价值工程</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,VE)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:针对产品或服务的功能加以研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以最低的生命周期成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">透过剔除、简化、变更、替代等方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">来达成降低成本的目的。价值分析是使用于新产品工程设计阶段。而价值工程则是针对现有产品的功能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">做系统化的研究与分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">但现今价值分析与价值工程已被视为同一概念使用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">3. Negotiation</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(谈判)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:谈判是买卖双方为了各自目标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">达成彼此认同的协议过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">这也是采购人员应具备的最基本能力。谈判并不只限于价格方面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">也适用于某些特定需求时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">使用谈判的方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">通常所能期望达到价格降低的幅度约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">3~5%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">。如果希望达成更大的降幅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">则需运用价格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">成本分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">价值分析与价值工程(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">VA/VE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)等手法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">4. Target Costing</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(目标成本法)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:管理学大师彼得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">杜拉克(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Peter F.Drucker</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)在企业的五大致命过失(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Five deadly business sins</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)一文中提到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">企业的第三个致命过失是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">定价受成本的驱动(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">cost-driven pricing</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)。大多数美国公司</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以及几乎所有的欧洲公司</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">都是以成本加上利润率来制定产品的价格。然而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">他们刚把产品推向市场</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">便不得不开始削减价格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">重新设计那些花费太大的产品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">并承担损失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">而且</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">他们常常因为价格不正确</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">而不得不放弃一种很好的产品。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">产品的研发应以市场乐意支付的价格为前提</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">因此必须假设竞争者产品的上市价</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">然后再来制定公司产品的价格。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">由于定价受成本驱动的旧思考模式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">使得美国民生电子业不复存在:另外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">丰田和日产把德国的豪华型轿车挤出了美国市场</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">便是采用价格引导成本(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">price-driven costing</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)的结果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b></font></span></div></span></font><p> </p><p>该贴来自群组:<a href="groupindex.asp?groupid=62" target="_blank"><font color=red><b>战略采购</b></font></a></p> <font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"><div class="HtmlCode"><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">5. Early Supplier Involvement</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(早期供应商参与</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,ESI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:这是在</span><u><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm;">产品设计</span></u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">初期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">选择让供应商参与新产品开发小组。经由早期供应商参与的方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">新产品开发小组对供应商提出性能规格(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Performance Specification</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)的要求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">借助供应商的专业知识来达到降低成本的目的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">6. Leveraging Purchases</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(杠杆采购)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:各事业单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或不同部门的需求量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以集中扩大采购量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">而增加议价空间的方式为之。避免各自采购</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">造成组织内不同事业单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">向同一个供应商采购相同零件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">却价格不同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">但彼此并不知的情形</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">平白丧失节省采购成本的机会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 7. Consortium Purchasing</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(联合采购)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:主要发生于非营利事业的采购</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">如医院、学校等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">经由统合各不同采购组织的需求量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以获得较好的数量折扣价格。这也被应用于一般商业活动之中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">应运而起的新兴行业有第三者采购(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Third-party Purchasing</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">专门替那些</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">MRO</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">需求量不大的企业单位服务。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 8. Design for Purchase</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(为便利采购而设计</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,DFP</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:自制与外购(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">make or buy</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)的策略</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">在产品的设计阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">利用协力厂的标准制程与技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以及使用工业标准零件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">方便原物料取得的便利性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">如此一来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">不仅大大减少了自制所需的技术支援</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">同时也降低了生产所需的成本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 9. Cost and Price Analysis</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(价格与成本分析)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:这是专业采购的基本工具</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">了解成本结构的基本要素</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">对采购者是非常重要的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">如果采购不了解所买物品的成本结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">就不能算是了解所买的物品是否为公平合理的价格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">同时也会失去许多降低采购成本的机会。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">10. Standardization</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">(标准化)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:实施规格的标准化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">为不同的产品项目、夹治具或零件使用共通的设计</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">规格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或降低订制项目的数目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以规模经济量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">达到降低制造成本的目的。但这只是标准化的其中一环</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">组织应扩大标准化的范围至作业程序</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">及制程上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">以获得更大的效益。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
</span></font></p></div></span></b></font> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">三、</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">降低采购成本的策略</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">依产品生命周期来订定</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采购项目在其产品生命周期的过程中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">可以分为下四个时期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">各有其适用的手法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 1) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">导入期(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Emergence</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:新技术的制样</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或产品开发阶段。供应商早期参与、价值分析、目标成本法以及为便利采购而设计都是可以利用的手法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 2) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">成长期(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Growth</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">):</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">新技术正式产品化量产上市</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">且产品被市场广泛接受。采购可以利用需求量大幅成长的优势</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">进行杠杆采购获得成效。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 3) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">成熟期(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Maturity</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">):</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">生产或技术达到稳定的阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">产品已稳定的供应到市场上。价值工程、标准化的动作可以更进一步地找出不必要的成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">并做到节省成本的目的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">4) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">衰退期(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Decline</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:产品或技术即将过时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">(obsolescence)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或将衰退</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">并有替代产品出现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">因为需求量已在缩减之中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">此时再大张旗鼓降低采购成本已无多大意义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 四</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">、降低采购成本的策略</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">依采购特性及于供应商之关系来订定</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采购的特性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"><font face="宋体"> Leverage Purchase <p></p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">横杆采购</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">策略性采购</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<span lang="EN-US">Strategic Purchsae <p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">影响性较小的采购</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> Low-Impact Purchas <p></p></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">重要计划的采购</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<span lang="EN-US">Critical Purchas <p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">常态性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">一次性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">与供应商的关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)影响性较小的采购(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Low-Impact Purchase</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:影响性较小的采购部分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">其金额虽然不高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">但是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">也必须确认所取得的价格与一般市售价格比较</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">是属于公平合理的价格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采购人员切记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">勿让花费在价格分析上的成本高于采购的实际金额。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> [</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">策略</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">]</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采用快速、低成本的价格分析</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">(Price Analysis)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">方法。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 1. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">比较分析各供应商报价。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 2. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">比较目录或市场价格。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></font></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 3. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">比较过去的采购价格记录。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></font></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song"> 4. </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">比较类似产品采购的价格。</span></b> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)杠杆采购(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Leverage Purchase</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">):</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">杠杆采购指的是长期持续性的随机采购</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">但却不愿意与供应商维持比较密切的合作关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">这可能是对价格的波动特别敏感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或是产品上市的寿命非常短所导致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">使得采购不得不随时寻找价格最低的供应商以兹因应。因此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采购人员需要花费较多时间来进行价格上的分析。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> [</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">策略</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">]</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:采用价格分析并以成本分析为辅助工具。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 1. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">价值分析</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">(Value Analysis)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 2. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">分析供应商提供的成本结构。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 3. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">进行成本估算</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">(Cost Estimates)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 4. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">计算整体拥有成本(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">TCO</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)重要计划的采购(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Critical Purchase</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">):</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">重要计划的采购包括一次性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或非经常性的花费</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">通常其采购金额都相当大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">如主要机器设备、资讯系统、或厂房设施等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> [</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">策略</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">]</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:采用成本分析为主要方法。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">计算整体拥有成本</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">分析整个供应链的成本结构。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">如果重要计划的采购案一旦变成重复性的例行采购</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">则必须考虑使用策略性采购中所提的方法。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">4</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)策略性采购(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Strategic Purchase</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:策略性采购代表非常重要的持续性采购案</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采购人员较希望与供应商建立长期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">或许联盟性质的关系。公司应该花较多时间在成本与价格分析上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">这是因为所收到的效益会比较大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> [</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">策略</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">]</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">:采用成本分析为主要方法。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 1. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">分析供应商伙伴的详细成本资料(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Open books</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">并找出可能改善的部分。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 2. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">计算整体拥有成本(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">TCO</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 3. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">分析整个供应链的成本结构。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 4. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">使用目标成本法(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">Target Costing</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> 5. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">让采购或</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">/</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">及供应商早期参与新产品开发(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">EPI/ESI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">)。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">六、结语:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">
<p></p></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">由于实际采购情况的区分并不是如表所示那么明确</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">采购人员通常需要使用一种以上的手法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">经由组合使用来达到成本降低的目的。本文中的策略模式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">可以提供采购人员在思考设定成本降低方案时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥;">一个不错的参考资料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥;"><p></p></span></p> 好贴,很多先进的理念。谢谢楼主 向楼主学习 向楼主学习 <p>好贴。不错!!谢谢楼主!!</p>
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