应急英语
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……
至于性毛病,更是老中难于启齿、欲语还羞的尴尬。见到洋医生,窘迫万分,不知如何开口才是,真有「犹抱琵琶半遮面」的感受。
以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo [tə'bu:, tæ-])的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
厕所
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men's room 或 ladies' room(=powder room ['paudə]),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory ['lævətəri],在军中又叫 latrine [lə'tri:n]。至于 W.C.(water closet ['klɔzit])仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
解小便 最普通的说法是 to urinate ['jʊərə,neɪt](名词是 urination ['juəri'neiʃən]),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:「Will (could) you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问:「Do you have trouble urinating?」=Do you have difficulty voiding [vɔid]?(小便有困难吗?)
此外,还有其他的说法:to piss [pis]= to take a piss = to take a leak [li:k]= to void = to empty ['empti]。 例如:
I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
此外,john [dʒɔn](j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse ['authaus]),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable ['pɔ:təbl] 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
There are several (portable) johns in the construction [kən'strʌkʃən]site.(在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。)
He went to the john a few minutes ago.(他在几分钟前上了厕所。)
The manual ['mænjuəl] labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.(劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。)
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
The boy needs to pee. 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test ['juərin,'jʊərain],因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen ['spesimən])。 例如:
Do I need a urine test?
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
I have pus [pʌs] (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
I dribble ['drɪbəl] a little urine ['juərin,'jʊərain] after I have finished urinating ['jʊərə,neɪt]. (小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
I am passing less urine than usual ['ju:ʒuəl].(小便的量比平时少)
解大便
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel ['bauəl]movement ['mu:vmənt]或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular ['reɡjulə] bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是「大肠在转动」) 此外,还有其他的说法:
to defecate ['defikeit]=to discharge [dis'tʃɑ:dʒ] excrement ['ekskrəmənt](或 feces ['fi:si:z])=to take feces (或 faeces ['fi:si:z])。 例如:
The patient ['peiʃənt]needs to take a shit. [ʃit] (=to make a bowel movement)
不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool [stu:l] exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。
例如: The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
放屁
在美语里最常用的是 to expel [iks'pel] gas [ɡæs] 或 to fart [fɑ:t] 或 to make (或 pass)gas。
例如:医生有时问:「How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?」
(你放屁的次数很多吗?)
Is the gas expelled by belching [beltʃ]?(是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?)(动词是 belch)
He said the more he ate, the more he farted [fɑ:tid].(吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。)
He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
(过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。)
Be careful not to fart in the public.(注意在公共场所不可放屁。)
至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
I have an upset [ʌp'set] stomach ['stʌmək].(消化不良) = I have heartburn.
= I have indigestion. [,ɪndɪ'dʒestʃən, -daɪ-](注意:Heartburn ['hɑ:tbə:n]是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache ['hɑ:teik])
Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.(胃不舒服有两星期了。)
He has(persistent [pə'sistənt])constipation [,kɔnstə'peɪʃən].(或 irregularity [ɪ,regjə'lærɪti:])(他经常便秘。) 或He has been unusually constipated. ['kɔnstə,peɪtɪd](便秘很反常。)或 He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
He has bouts [baut] of diarrhea [,daɪə'ri:ə].=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
(他拉了一阵肚子。)
He can see trace [treis] of blood and pus or mucus ['mju:kəs] in his stool(或 bowel movement)(大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。) 应急英语.rar :[upload=rar]down10_0927.asp?ID=143498[/upload]
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