生产实务系列之(三)质量管理体系之控制
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">质量管理体系作为一项非强制性国际标准，当然有其质量体系标准制定的合理性并具有实用性。然而对于有些欲引进而还未引进质量管理体系的公司而言，质量管理体系还具有神秘性和操作无重点性。我个人认为，质量管理体系中的“控制”可以作为其有效运行的测量方式，应该是一个操作的侧重点和重要环节。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">在质量管理体系中，控制应包括</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">程序</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">质量方针</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">文件控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">记录控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">人员训练控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">生产及交运</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">质量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">不合格品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><<</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">供货商控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">>></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">等。各个控制所强调的侧重点不尽相同，控制的手段及方法也可能不尽相同，但所有控制都是为了“纠正和预防”的目标而实行的；都是为了所有控制都在一个公司可以控制的范围内</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">受控</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">。纠正偏离质量管理体系的程序方法或过程，预防有可能发生发生的偏离质量管理体系的程序方法或过程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">过程控制是保证制定的程序既要符合质量管理体系的要求，同时还要符合公司的实际情况，过程控制不能出现失控的情况，否则整个体系就形同虚设，其它控制就没有了意义。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">文件控制是体系的保证，文件控制就要求我们对文件要及时控制，既要保证文件的及时发放及转达，同时还要及时废除作废文件，防止作废文件的非预期使用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">记录控制则是公司符合质量管理体系的有力证据，记录控制不但要求我们保证记录的有效保存外，最好便于检索和追踪。同时记录作为特殊的文件，记录有效及时控制则是控制的侧重点，同时记录不但在体系运行中发挥着重大作用，而且还是公司掌握产品及产品质量的一个重要参考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">人员训练控制则是人力资源方面，即保证在适当的工作岗位上有适当的人，必要时要对人员进行培训使其符合岗位需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">过程控制和不合格品控制则是生产类公司强调的重点，我们不但要符合以上控制的要求，同时还要保证过程确实受控及产品确实受控</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">保证产品经过检验，特别是转工或返工品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，当然，一个公司无特殊过程则是过程控制的追求方面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">其它控制则是从不同方面满足公司的体系要求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">控制对体系如此重要，我们在保证体系不断受控的同时，还要及时更新和不断改进，只有控制而无进步，公司只能原地踏步，只有进步而控制，控制则可能陷入混乱。控制和持续改进的相辅相成则是公司应该强调的方面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">质量管理体系建立及实施运行是一个渐进的过程，就好象公司的发展一样，是一个持续改进，不断发展壮大的过程，这就要求我们对质量管理体系的程序及过程控制都要有一个不断改进，不断完善，继续受控的过程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">控制是为了保证，体系的导入和运行同样也是为了保证，所以说控制是体系导入及运行的一个重要参考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"> <p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">欢迎关注本人原创生产实务系列，错误之处敬请指正</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">，</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">转载请注明著者及出处</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">)<p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">个人博客：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">http</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">//tttllll.blog.163.com</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">部落：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">http</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">//tttllll.b</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">lo.163.com</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">E_mail</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tttllll@163.com</span></p> <p>谢谢您的帖子，想问下有没有具体的控制方法，我是做化工方面的，如果有的话可以给我发到我的邮箱里</p><p><a href="mailto:zhanjinshuang@163.com">zhanjinshuang@163.com</a>谢谢</p>
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