yongwei200 发表于 2006-6-5 23:08:20

(原创)联想收购 IBM PC 的文化危情 1

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '"><FONT size=3>王永为</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">前言:</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">种种迹象显示,联想收购</SPAN><FONT face=""> IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">是个“得不偿失”的决定。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">但是现在联想需要做的,不是遇到挫折就抱怨。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而是像真正的男子汉一样,以坚定的决心及乐观的态度迎接一切挑战,努力到最后一刻(不管是成功还是失败)。</SPAN><B><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '"></SPAN></B></FONT><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">正文: </SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">如果联想收购</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT></B><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">的行动最终被证明失败,</SPAN><FONT face="">95</FONT></B><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%的原因可以归结为“风险幼稚病”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">由于缺乏商业文化的知识积淀,很多中国企业的领导人缺乏多维度思考问题的经验与能力,因此对潜在风险缺乏足够的辨识能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">联想在</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">收购过程中,这种能力的缺乏表现得尤其突出,结果处处“被牵着鼻子”走,而且负面情绪表现明显。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">如果这样,不仅收购失败,</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">联想自身可能也被</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">拉入“泥潭”,最终变成在激烈竞争中“自身难保”的生存危机。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">兼并重组过程中的文化整合是国际性难题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">我对中国企业战略扩张与兼并重组的案例进行研究后发现,战略意义上成功的企业“凤毛麟角”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">即使海尔标榜的“激活休克鱼”,也只是战术上的成功,对海尔核心竞争力的塑造并无实质性帮助。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而因为各种原因而导致失败的案例难以胜数。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">不论成功或失败,联想收购已经成为经典案例。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">我们可以用企业文化执行方法来对联想案例进行分析,总结出对我们未来发展具有关键意义的原则。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">这个分析适用于市场导向企业,可能对资源导向型企业(包括自然资源、政策资源)不具有适用意义。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><EM><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">一、</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN> </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">企业文化导向:</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">风险防范第一</SPAN></EM></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">美国大企业领导与中国企业领导对“风险”具有完全不同的定义。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">我到现在还深深记得,</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">将近二十年前,读《艾柯卡自传》中对“冒险”的定义(可能与原文有些偏差),“我只要有</SPAN><FONT face="">95</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%的把握,就去冒险,不能等</SPAN><FONT face="">100</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%,因为在等</SPAN><FONT face="">100</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%的时候,机会已经错过”。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而中国企业领导的现实状况是,</SPAN><FONT face="">50</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%的把握就已经完全值得冒险了。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">不同的定义差异形成巨大的企业生存差异。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">从理论上来说,如果企业需要做十个战略决策,美国大企业的存活几率是</SPAN><FONT face=""> 0.95</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">的</SPAN><FONT face="">10</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">次方,即</SPAN><FONT face="">59.87</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%,而中国企业存活几率是</SPAN><FONT face=""> 0.5 </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">的</SPAN><FONT face="">10</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">次方,即</SPAN><FONT face=""> 0.098 </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">%。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">也就是说,在经过十个战略周期后,</SPAN><FONT face="">100</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">个美国大企业有近</SPAN><FONT face="">60</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">个能够活下来,而中国</SPAN><FONT face="">1000</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">个企业中连</SPAN><FONT face="">1</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">个都难以存活。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">在现实中,不同文化导向形成的反差也是明显的。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">经历了各种失败的“洗礼”和面对越来越激烈的竞争环境,美国企业的领导普遍存在对失败的深深恐惧。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">“微软离倒闭还有</SPAN><FONT face="">18</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">个月”,“偏执狂生存”,“数一数二”等言论等反映出美国企业文化的“居安思危”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而美国企业就是在这种恐惧中持续成长与成功的。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">中国企业则完全相反,从舆论表面来看,仿佛鲜花与掌声铺就的“阳光大道”在等着“二十一世纪中国的崛起”,但是在现实中,中国还看不到几家能够在市场竞争中持续“强大”的企业。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">“风险幼稚病”也影响了联想的战略决策。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">从联想与</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">对比,联想收购</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">部门的论证期过短,很可能就是“拍脑门”的行为,缺乏对问题的谨慎的“底线”思考。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而外国大公司在抛售企业方面,积累了上百年的经验,早已经形成严密的流程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">从联想付出的代价来看,是充满阳光心理的“小学生”被老谋深算的“老手”“忽悠”的价格。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而美国政府的一系列行为也构成了“合谋”,使缺乏原则的联想一再让步。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">联想的“风险幼稚病”主要体现为忽略以下几个方面的关键问题,</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">而这几个关键问题决定了联想对</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">是否收购、收购方式、及收购价格等内容。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">这些内容也就决定了联想收购行动的成败,甚至联想自身发展的成败:</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1<SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">.</SPAN> IBM PC <SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">本身值多少钱:</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN> </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">企业文化竞争力分析</SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">部门的文化无法适应越来越激烈竞争的竞争,处在“被动挨打”的状态。在可以预见的将来,它将面对非常艰难的局面。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></B><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">部门本身不值钱,或者说是“负资产”。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">如果</SPAN><FONT face="">PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">部门还有任何价值或者希望,</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">不会急于将其抛售,而且还用</SPAN><FONT face=""> ThinkPad </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">笔记本“买一送一”。</SPAN><FONT face=""> IBM PC </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">“负资产”的计算方法是基于利润创造能力的计算方法,而从裁员的成本来看,合</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">-</SPAN><FONT face="">100,000</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">美元</SPAN><FONT face="">/</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">人。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT></B><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">不值钱的根本原因在于缺乏市场上的“文化竞争力”。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">这个意思不是说,</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">的文本身化不好,而是不能够适应市场竞争形势的变化。</SPAN><FONT face=""> IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">部门已经形成了“追求卓越”的文化传统,这种传统支持</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">维持其在高端</SPAN><FONT face="">PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">及笔记本市场的稳固地位。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">但是,随着</SPAN><FONT face="">PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">及笔记本的普及,以戴尔为主要代表的(以核心竞争力为导向的)厂家以“够好就行”的产品质量,基本满足人们的需求,同时利用价格杠杆,吸引大量的消费者。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">在将所有厂商拖入“价格战”的同时,削弱高端市场的总份额。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">“追求卓越”需要大量的成本来维持,而激烈竞争使产品价格“一降再降”,最后</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">无可避免地陷入亏损。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><FONT face="">IBM<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>PC</FONT></B><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">的根本问题在于,“追求卓越”的文化难以改变。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">“追求卓越”的企业文化的特点是将组织过去成功的经验进行持续完善与固化。问题在于,一旦市场改变,“完善与固化”就往往会变成企业难以逾越的障碍,使企业难以应对市场变化。</SPAN><FONT face=""><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">部门面对剧变的市场环境,过去成功的经验只能服务越来越小的市场,转变组织文化不仅难,而且可能使</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">变成“两头不讨好”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">于是组织在很大程度上陷入了“做错的事”的“无助”努力中。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">也就是说,</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">的员工即使再努力工作,失败也很难挽回。</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 3pt">2<SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">.</SPAN> IBM PC <SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">对</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN> </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">联想值多少钱:</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN> </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">企业文化整合分析</SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">企业文化的整合是学习历史,展望未来的过程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">历史上的种种的案例及员工反差给联想并购蒙上了一层阴影。</SPAN><FONT face=""> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">国际通路的正效益。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">联想通过收购</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">,获得了获得进入欧美国家的通行证。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">这是长久以来的“梦”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">因此,这次的并购中的</SPAN><FONT face=""> goodwill </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">已远远超出对实际利益的追求。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">不过,要注意的是,</SPAN><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">就像一支正在融化的“冰棍”,如果不能把握好时机,这支冰棍会很快“化掉”。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">历史案例的阴影。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '">早有分析表明,</SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">23</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">年</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">企业并购史,无一成功。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">其中,三星、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">NEC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">、宏基等外国公司都曾试图通过这个方法进驻美国市场,实现其战略意图,但无一例外地以失败告终。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">而惠普及康柏的合并似乎更变成</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> 1</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">+</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">1&lt;1 </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">的下场。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">这次联想收购</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">由于是在整个行业变成“夕阳”产业的背景下完成的,其难度更大。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN class=tpccontent1><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">文化落差的副效应。</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">在本次收购案中,联想不仅仅付出</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">6.5</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">亿美元的巨额现金,更在企业内部形成巨大的潜在利益冲突。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">联想在中国的业务赢利必须去补贴</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">的亏损及债务,从另外一个角度可以说,收入微薄的中国公司员工将自己创造的大量利润补贴给高收入的制造亏损的美国员工。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">同时,在美国裁掉一个员工要付出</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> 10</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">万美元代价,而在中国的员工则没有如此好运气。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">这种落差不可能使公司形成内部融和、创造合力。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">什么时候是合适的时机:</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">企业文化战略理念分析</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">战略的关键不仅仅包括做正确的事,还要考虑在正确的时机做事。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">而对时机的迅速感知、分辨、分析及扑捉,则需要商业文化理念的指导,还要有相当的商业文化知识的积累及实践。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN class=tpccontent1><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">“知彼”,权衡时机的最佳利益点。</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">联想在收购过程中,已经失去了对对手</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">的困难处境的权衡。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">其实,仅仅通过大致分析就可以判断出,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">是难以出手的“烫山芋”,除了联想,很难会对其它厂商形成吸引力。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">而随着时间的流逝,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">将面临越来越困难的局面,对</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">的负面影响也越来越大。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">的领导层迫于资本市场的压力,会尽快让</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">脱离。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">联想应当等待有利时机,在</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">最脆弱的时候与其领导层接触,才可能获得最大的相对利益。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN class=tpccontent1><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">“知己”,不在“一时一地”之得失。</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">联想并不是非此时、非</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">不可。但是,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">再也难找像联想这样理想的收购者了。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">因此在收购前,联想仍然可以相当“轻灵”,可以进退有度。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">一旦美国相关部门出现问题,立即做出“撤退”的姿态,以退为进,让</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">去出面“摆平”,比联想自己去做的效果要好的多。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">但实际上,联想表现像等待老师判卷的孩子,美国相关部门提出什么要求,就接受什么要求。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">就像联想在求着收购</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">,整个谈判的主客位置被颠倒,联想付出了过于重大的代价。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0pt 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN class=tpccontent1><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">“知势”,</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><B><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">防止赢了战役,输了战争。</SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">蒋介石输给毛泽东最大的惨痛教训就是“赢了战役、输了战争”。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">联想的最大战场在中国,最大的敌人是戴尔,需要集中一切资源及“优势兵力”巩固亚太市场地位,保持对戴尔的领先。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">但是,收购</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM PC</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">使联想背上了沉重的“包袱”,如何既能够照顾好亚太市场,又能有效处理</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">IBM</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">的收购后工作,对联想的领导层看上去像“</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="">Mission Impossible</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">”。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '; mso-hansi-font-family: '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt">从最近联想整体的表现来看,副效应开始明显显现。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=tpccontent1><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face=""> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>

kimi 发表于 2006-6-6 08:12:12

<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">联想集团的国际化首先是联想品牌的国际化。目前国际和国内对“联想”这个名字还有很多理解。这种情况导致在沟通中的障碍和为人所利用。应该说,联想在资本和人力方面的工作做得还是比较出色的;但在做品牌上还是有待提高的。</span></font><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">Thinkpad</span></font><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">永远是</span></font><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">IBM</span></font><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的,永远是黑色的。</span></font><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">当前的事情,是联想国际化过程中一大挑战。不过,纯粹从沟通和运作上解决问题是不现实的。毕竟实力和观念的差距是不可逾越的。</span></font><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></font><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">联想要有心去做自己的联想品牌和联想文化才是正道。</span></font><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></font><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">我是绝对的土鳖。国际化视野和跨文化沟通应该是联想集团自己的组织能力,不要依赖某个人——这也是联想集团成熟的标志。积极心态,在目前的状况下,很难长期保持,所以要有良好的管理才行。职业精神特别不容易理解——原来联想家的文化已经不存在了;如果还是西方的职业精神,显然也无法适应联想非专家文化的特色;可能让人容易理解成献身精神是最贴切了——但何以献身呢?</span></font><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="宋体" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">联想集团很容易出现两个最大的弊端:联想品牌没有实现国际化;联想集团在国际化过程中没有了自己的联想文化。联想曾经说:人类失去联想,世界将会怎样。那联想失去联想呢?</span></font></p>

奔流不息 发表于 2006-6-6 13:46:08

<p>仁者见仁吧,就像中海油收购美国亏损石油企业一样。很多东西不为我们所知吧。</p>

youngbegin 发表于 2006-6-6 20:43:41

感觉现在的学者有点像是赌徒!对于新出现的东西总要先一个赌注!不管是否能赢!只要能骇人听闻就行!

yongwei200 发表于 2006-6-6 23:41:08

不是赌徒,是“牛虻”,用理性思考去“叮”还值得“叮”的企业,而不是去吹捧,这是知识分子的责任。
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-6 23:41:39编辑过]

亭花尽落 发表于 2006-6-7 10:21:05

<p>对于楼主的观点,不乏赞同之意。但联想收购IBM也并非是件板上订钉“死亏”的事情。</p><p>站在一个普通老百姓的立场去谈商业也许可笑了点,但我就是这么想的:第一,联想收购了这样具有高端口牌价值的IBM,是否充分证明了其实力?!现在老百姓们都知道是联想收购了IBM,这点是事实。第二,这种实力“效应”反而促进了联想的市场,从国内到国际性质的提升。市场的拓展却是无声的兴起,对于联想本身何乐而不为?即使目前生色未动,但如果跟以经营发展策略,应该是不会“自燃为灰烬”。第三,所谓的联想可等待“时机成熟”之时再做出决定,无论是大企业还是小企业,商业机会都是一样的,竞争更是同样的。IBM总体来说还应该是块肉吧?谁提前了一步想必应该是个关键吧。</p><p>再从联想文化来看,以上各位的发言不得不提醒了联想文化是个不小的挑战。就像楼主与2F说的!但具有中国气息的联想文化兼容IBM原本的国际企业文化特色,应该不会是件坏的事情!</p><p>是的,我们希望联想能像真正的男子汉一样,以坚定的决心及乐观的态度迎接一切挑战,努力到最后一刻</p>

micom 发表于 2006-10-31 09:46:51

<p>我没有全部的看完楼主写的评论,单是单纯就IBM THINKPAD本本来说,按照楼主的意思是,没必要坚持历来的尊贵路线了,应该顺应潮流,走平民路线。</p><p></p><p>我不敢认同楼主的这个观点,其实很多时候,产品定位再高端、尊贵,反而更容易成功,更容易成就一个经典品牌。</p><p></p><p>我不是作管理的,有什么地方说的不好听,不到位,请楼主包涵,也请家人们多多指教。</p><p></p><p>谢谢!</p>

liyouli 发表于 2008-4-10 21:18:48

<p>钦佩联想</p>
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