菩提树下 发表于 2006-5-11 07:57:13

幻灭的悲哀 --评菲茨杰拉德的小说

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">幻灭的悲哀</span><font face="Times New Roman"> --</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">评菲茨杰拉德的小说</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在本世纪二三十年代的美国文坛,菲茨杰拉德占着一个重要的位置:他是“迷</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">惘的一代”(</span><font face="Times New Roman">Lost Generation</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)的代表作家,是“爵士乐时代”(</span><font face="Times New Roman">Jazz Age</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)的桂</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">冠诗人。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">菲茨杰拉德一八九六年生于美国明尼苏达州的圣保罗市,一九一三年进入普林</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">斯顿大学学习,一九一七年应征入伍。服役期间,他爱上一位名叫姗尔达(</span><font face="Times New Roman">Zelda</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)的富家小姐,但因贫寒而无力迎娶他发愤写作,终于在一九二○年因发表长篇小说《人间天堂》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">This Side of Paradise</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)而一举成名,同姗尔达的婚事也如愿以偿。婚后,他们生活阔绰,纵情享受,常常宾客盈门,觥筹交错,并长年侨居欧洲。但由于挥霍无度,终致入不敷出,生活便从欢乐转入悲惨。姗尔达因精神病多次发作被送进精神病院,菲茨杰拉德也沾上酗酒的恶习,意志日起消沉。一九四○年菲茨杰拉德心脏病猝发去世,享年才四十六岁。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从他的第一部长篇小说《人间天堂》的发表到他一九四○去世的二十年间,菲</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">茨杰拉德写了一百六十多个短篇小说,分别收入《年轻女郎与哲学家》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">Flappers</font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>and Philosophers,</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一九一○)、《爵士乐时代的故事》</span><font face="Times New Roman">(Tales of the Jazz Age</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一九二二)、《所有悲哀的年轻人》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">All the SadYoung Men</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,一九二六)等集子。除《人间天堂》外,他还出版了三部长篇小说,即《漂亮冤家》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">The Beautiful and Damned</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,一九二二)、《了不起的盖茨比》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">The tireat Gatsby</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,一九二五)及《夜色温柔》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">Tender is theNight</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,一九三四)。去世时,还留下一部未完成的长篇《最后一个巨头》(</span><font face="Times New Roman">The Last Tycoon</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">美国历史上,“爵士乐时代”是指自一战结束(一九一八)至经济大萧条(一</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">九二九)的时期,也就是二十年代。这既是一个浮华享乐的年代,又是人们尤其是</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="3">年轻人普遍感到迷惘失落的年代,“一切神明统统死光,一切仗都已打完,以往关</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">于人的一切信念完全动摇。”这还是美国文化变革转型、美国文学蓬勃发展的年代。菲茨杰拉德及其创作是“爵士乐时代”的典型产物,但称菲茨杰拉德是这个时代的“桂冠诗人”不甚恰当。菲茨杰拉德虽以他敏锐的观察和巧慧的心灵反映了美国的“爵士乐时代”,但作为一个时代的歌手,他吟唱的不是一首热情洋溢的颂歌,而是一曲悲切的哀歌,一曲“美国梦”(</span><font face="Times New Roman">The American Dream</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)遭遇破灭的哀歌。他自己早就说过:“进入我头脑的故事都包含着某种灾祸,在我的长篇小说里,可爱的青年走向毁灭。”</span></font></p>

菩提树下 发表于 2006-5-11 07:57:33

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“美国梦”由来已久,最初是清教移民对自由信仰、自由创造的渴望和梦想,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">随后在那片新大陆上及向西部开拓的过程中,美国梦演变为对幸福的追求,尤其是</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对成功的追求,包括事业、爱情、财富等。南北战争后,随着工业化进程的深入和</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">大都市的相继出现,美国梦更是流行并具体化为对金钱的渴望和追求,它使人们相</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">信:在美国这块土地上,机会均等,只要努力奋斗,一个没有鞋子穿的穷孩子完全</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">可以成为百万富翁并获得幸福。菲茨杰拉德的一生经历及其创作正是“美国梦”幻</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">灭的生动的实例,《人间天堂》奏响了这首哀歌的序曲,对“人间天堂”的浪漫追求及其幻灭正是这首哀歌的主题。《了不起的盖茨比》和《夜色温柔》是这首哀歌的两大乐音。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">杰伊·盖茨比是美国中西部的一个穷孩子,他爱上了一位“大家闺秀”黛西。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">战争爆发了,盖茨比去海外参战。当他戴着军功勋章回来时,黛西已嫁给了芝加哥</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的富家子弟汤姆,盖茨比悟到:因为他没有钱,所以他失去了黛西;如果他有钱,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">有比汤姆更多的钱,他就能夺回黛西。于是他怀着对黛西的痴情,怀着献身爱情的</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">理想,开始了顽强的奋斗。他想方设法甚至不择手段赚钱,他在黛西住所的海湾对</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">面买下了一幢豪华的别墅,举行盛大的宴会,想以此来吸引黛西。他通过黛西表哥</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">卡罗威的帮忙,终于在跟心爱的姑娘分手五年后再次同她见面,并向她表白了他不</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">变的爱情。黛西虽然为他的忠诚和执着感动,对他现有的财富不免动心,也对粗野</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不羁的汤姆深感失望,但她最终没有勇气离开她的丈夫离开她的家。在一次摊牌和</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">争吵之后,心绪不宁的黛西在驾车回家途中撞死了汤姆的情妇,威尔逊太太、盖茨</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">比决意为黛西承担责任,但嫉妒的汤姆嫁祸于人,指使威尔逊太太的丈夫枪杀了盖</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">茨比。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对黛西的爱是盖茨比梦幻的“天堂”,他要在“人间”搭起云梯摘取天上的星</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">星,将不愉快的历史一笔勾销,重温快乐的时光。这种堂吉诃德式的浪漫幻想天真</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">得让人感动,他对理想的执着追求和献身精神也确实是“了不起”的,显示了生存</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的某种不可贬斥的价值,正如小说叙述者卡罗威对他说的那样:“他们(汤姆之流)是一帮混蛋他们那一大帮子都放在一堆还比不上你。”但盖茨比也是可悲甚或可笑的,以为财富和金钱就是进入天堂的云梯,不知道其实所谓天堂只是一种幻想,星星是可望不可及的当他在月光下彻夜守候,生怕黛西遭受伤害,要为她担当一切时,他不知道在室内,黛西已背弃了他,在一场“阴谋策划”中接受了丈夫的劝告,听任汤姆将车祸的责任栽到他头上;当他冰凉的尸体浸泡在游泳池水中时,黛西和汤姆言归于好,出门旅行去了!这是金钱社会制造的悲剧,富豪们的傲慢和自私彻底摧毁了盖茨比的梦想和信念用卡罗威的话(其实也是作者的观点)来说,“汤姆和黛西,他们是粗心大意的人</span><font face="Times New Roman">--</font><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他们砸碎了东西,毁灭了人,然后就退缩到自己的金钱或者麻木不仁或者不管什么使他们留在一起的东西之中,让别人去收拾他们的烂摊子。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">盖茨比即使不遭到那位因嫉妒而糊涂的车行老板的枪击,他的心也正在死去,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">因为他虽然等待黛西的电话而甘冒风险不肯离去,但他心中明白黛西不会来电话了。他曾为黛西也为他自己编织起美丽的梦想,而如今“他一定会觉得他已经失去了那个旧日的温暖的世界,为了抱着一个梦太久而付出了很高的代价。他一定透过可怕的树叶仰视过一片陌生的天空而感到毛骨悚然,同时发觉一朵玫瑰花是多么丑恶的东西,阳光照在刚刚露头的小草上又是多么残酷。这是一个新的世界,物质的然而并不真实。”他终于明白:在残酷的现实面前,他的理想破灭了,他的努力失败了;过去不能复活,旧梦难以重温!于是,他的爱情连同他的灵魂和肉体一起死去。盖茨比在长岛的华宅及那儿的笠歌达旦饮宴享乐是二十年代美国社会的一个缩影,而重温旧梦的不切实际的一厢情愿正是盖茨比这一形象的象征意义。</span></p>

菩提树下 发表于 2006-5-11 07:57:57

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《了不起的盖茨比》表现了理想难以实现的幻灭和痛苦,而《夜色温柔》则揭</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">示出更大的幻灭和痛苦:实现的未必是理想。《夜色温柔》的故事发生在欧洲,但</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小说展现的仍是美国“爵士乐时代”的社会生活。迪克·戴弗是一个来自美国中西</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">部的年轻有为的精神医生,在瑞士的苏黎世进行精神病的病理研究。他参与了对富</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">家女尼科尔·沃伦的治疗,尼科尔是因百万富翁的父亲与她乱伦而患上精神病的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在治疗过程中尼科尔爱上了迪克,迪克不顾他人的劝阻娶了尼科尔。婚后,他将全</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">部的精力花在照顾有病的妻子上,自己的事业则逐渐荒疏。尼科尔在迪克的悉心照</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">料下慢慢康复,过上了正常的生活,而迪克却身心疲惫不堪重负日趋消沉下去。出</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">于苦闷和无聊,迪克与一个名叫萝丝玛丽的女孩产生了爱情纠葛,而尼科尔则同阔</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">少爷汤米寻欢作乐。最后,尼科尔同迪克离婚,嫁给汤米;迪克孓然一身返回美国,在他的家乡小镇以一个普通医生的身份行医了结余生。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">迪克和盖茨比一样,受到了上流社会的诱惑,最后又被上流社会所毁。小说暴</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">露了上流社会的生活腐化和金钱的腐蚀作用。菲茨杰拉德在《夜色温柔》中对上流</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">社会的男男女女进行了更愤怒的谴责和更严厉的鞭挞。迪克和盖茨比一样,情太深,心太软,难免成为残酷的名利场上的牺牲品。迪克想以真诚的爱来拯救尼科尔,恢复她的身心健康,还想以健康的生活方式来治疗上流社会的病态。同盖茨比一样,迪克也为他的善良天真付出了沉重的代价。因为他的自我献身精神,上流社会暂时接纳了他,他不仅放弃了自己的研究工作,全身心地照料尼科尔,还强迫自己去适应上流社会的生活方式,尽量符合上流社会的生活标准。他要使自己表现得比上流社会的绅士淑女们更高贵、更正直、更文雅,更有风度。他把他的善良和温情奉献给那个生活圈子里的其他人。但在一个拜金主义的实利社会,面对一个贪得无厌的自私阶级,迪克不过又是一个不自量力的堂吉诃德而已。如同堂吉诃德和桑丘不知公爵夫妇要捉弄他们,主仆二人还一本正经地履行海岛总督的职责是十足的疯傻行为一样,迪克的献身精神和英雄气概那些有钱人是不能理解的。在尼科尔的家人看来,迪克只是一个医生,一个他们雇佣的医生;迪克同尼科尔的婚姻也只是一场交易。因此,迪克照料尼科尔只是在尽他的职责,做他应做的事。用尼科尔的姐姐巴比的话来说,“这要归于他受的教育。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">上流社会的冷漠和自私是非常可怕的。巴比很世故很精明,她早就看清了迪克</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">同尼科尔关系的实质。她压根不把迪克看作同类,不想看到他同自己平起平坐。她</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">甚至连用“沃伦家的钱财”来诱惑迪克做尼科尔的丈夫的意图都没有,因为“她看</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不出如何能把他造就成一个理想的贵族。”在这种世故面前,单纯的迪克倒显得一</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">厢情愿幼稚可笑了,“她只是把他当作一个可以差遣的人想随手利用一下。但她的</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">这个要求对迪克产生了作用,使他误以为她别有用心。”对于像迪克这样来自社会</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">下层,要靠自己的职业谋生的人,巴比始终是拥有优越感的。百万家产使她有了颐</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">指气使的资本,以为只有他们才是这个社会的优秀分子(具有讽刺意味的是,她妹</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">妹的精神病正是她那个百万富翁的父亲作的孽)。当迪克在罗马因酗酒斗殴而遭拘</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">禁时,巴比设法把他保了出来,“过去的一夜多么艰难,但她倒有一种满足,因为</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不论迪克先前有怎样的表现,而现在她们对他拥有了一份道德上的优越,只要他对</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他们有用处,这种优越就会保持下去。”她鼓励尼科尔同迪克分手,迪克的表现证</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">实了她的“先见之明”:迪克这样的青年是不堪“造就”,不值得抬举的。夫妻一</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">场最后分离,尼科尔不免有几分伤感,巴比开导她:“我们那时应该让他继续他的</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">自行车旅行,别去打搅他。人一旦被投入一个不属于他的世界,就会像丢了魂似的,不能自制。”</span></p>

菩提树下 发表于 2006-5-11 07:58:17

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其实,迪克自己也有这种“被投入一个不属于他的世界”的感觉。他进入了上</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">流社会,但他始终有一种异己感、失落感;他们很有钱,而他竭力想保持经济上的</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">独立,以避免被“收买”的难堪;他们到欧洲各国旅游,生活仿佛是一连串盛宴玩</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乐,他也表现得兴致勃勃,风流潇洒,但他越来越觉得自己很累,内心十分苦闷。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他原本是个年轻有为的医生,但这十多年来,他的医术没有长进,计划中的学术著</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">作无法完成。他无法根治尼科尔的病,而且他们之间的关系在日渐疏远,他企盼的</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">幸福似乎越来越遥远。他有上进心,也很努力,但到头来一事无成,只有一种被逐</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">渐掏空的感觉。当他听说虽有才华但颓唐了的音乐家艾贝·诺思死于非命时,十分</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">悲伤,他“为艾贝之死,也为自己十年的青春年华而痛惜不已,连五脏六肺都要炸</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">裂开来。”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《夜色温柔》叙述的是一个失败和沉沦的故事迪克曾鼓励艾贝要振作起来,但</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他自己最后也走上了颓唐消沉甚至自暴自弃的道路。他对在罗马邂逅的萝丝玛丽说:“我想我患了黑死病吧,看来我不会再给别人带来幸福了。”这是一个幻灭者的沉痛之言,因为他最终明白爱情也不是什么天堂。其实,尼科尔对他的“爱’”很大程度上只是心理上的“移情”现象,有几分病态性质随着她身心的逐渐康复,个性不断完全,她对迪克的精神依恋也渐次减弱。她站稳了脚就想求得独立,她羽翼丰满要从迪克为她精心建造的爱巢中飞走了。“这一病例已经了结,戴弗医生没事干了。”幻灭了的迪克是痛苦的,但他仍不失善良温柔的本性。他一旦明白自己的处境,一旦明白自己再也不会给别人带来幸福,便想到让尼科尔如何能不受伤害地重新去争取她的幸福。他“自暴自弃”,他“想要挽救我自己”,其实也是为了让尼科尔能够心安理得地离去,这是迪克为他曾爱过的姑娘做的最后的奉献,而这一切富家女尼科尔是不理解的,尽管她同迪克生活在一起十多年了。迪克同盖茨比一样的善良,也一样的软弱。在最后摊牌的过程中,迪克处在《了不起的盖茨比》中汤姆的位置,当汤米对他说“你的妻子不爱你,她爱我”或“她跟我生活要比跟你生活更富有,更幸福”时,他远没有汤姆那样恼怒,那样凶猛。在汤米咄咄逼人的进攻下,迪克很快落荒而走。他就像一个受伤的中世纪的骑士,拖着伤残的身体向山中退去,他要自己给自己包扎伤口,不乞求胜利者的怜悯,也不想连累他人。迪克是软弱的,但也是自尊的,连汤米也不得不承认:“他教养真不错。”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">从梦中醒来,夜色这么温柔,但这里没有一丝光明……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">唐建清</span></p>

清风徐来 发表于 2006-5-11 11:52:08

<p>每次看 了不起的盖茨比 ,心中总有股淡淡的悲伤,挥之不去</p>

寒江雨雪 发表于 2006-5-11 12:00:02

<p>评价的很好啊</p>
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 幻灭的悲哀 --评菲茨杰拉德的小说