汽车配件咋样哩?
<P>想咨询汽车配件行业目前的格局.</P> <P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><B>大陆汽车零组件市场概况</B><B><p></p></B></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">大陆汽车零组件供应体系有着清晰的层次，第一级以总成配套厂为主，厂家总量少，规模大；第二级以汽车零件配套厂为主，围绕各自的一级厂形成较小区域配套网，厂家可多可少，规模可大可小；第三级以原料厂和工艺厂为主，为零件厂、总成厂以及整车厂提供原料和工艺加工。如此构成了一个庞大的、分工细密的零组件协作配套体系，有的地方甚至建成了零组件协作配套园区。<p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">而早期大陆每建立一个整车厂，就同时建立一批与其配合的零组件供货商体系。这样的发展结构导致大陆汽车零组件厂不但零散且普遍规模小，预估大陆零组件厂家数远远超过万家。<p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">由于市场家数过多，外界始终无一有效统计数据，据当地媒体估算，2002年汽车零组件的配套市场总量约为1,840亿人民币，其中售后维修市场总量约为780亿人民币，而出口的总量约为50亿美元。总计2002年国内汽车零部件的有效为量约为2,030亿元。<p></p></P> <P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><B>国际大厂在大陆布局已久</B><B></B><p><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"> 由上表大陆汽车厂的主要零件厂家数可看出，老牌企业如第一汽车及东风具有庞大的零件供货商供应链。但与外资企业合作的整车厂，如上海大众就简化至287家，而郑州日产更锐减至16家。显示新的合资企业在供应厂商管理，大多仿效国际间的做法。事实上由于欧美整车厂已进入大陆市场，进而带动原先外围之零件供应厂商一并进驻，而日本厂商进入时间更早。<p><p><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">表三、大陆汽车厂之主要零件厂统计 单位：辆；家<p><p><TABLE border=1 cellPadding=0 class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 484.5pt; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt" width=646><TR 0? mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt;><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">整车厂<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">2001年产量<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">主要供应厂家数<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">整车厂<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">2001年产量<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">主要供应厂家数<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; 1?><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">东风汽车集团<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">273,001<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">409<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">神龙汽车<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">53,680<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">99<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; 2?><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">第一汽车<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">256,941<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">554<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">广州本田<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">51,146<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">50<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; 3?><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">上海大众<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">230,281<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">256<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">天津夏利<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">51,019<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">54<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; 4?><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">一汽大众<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">133,893<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">287<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">江铃汽车<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">36,848<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">33<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; 5?><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">昌河飞机<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">121,288<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">57<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">东南汽车<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">31,027<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">32<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; 6?><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">长安汽车<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">118,858<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">388<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">郑州日产<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">7,189<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">16<p><p></TD></TR><TR mso-yfti-irow: 9.75pt; yes? mso-yfti-lastrow: 7;><TD width="17%" 9.75pt; 17%? WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">上海通用<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">58,543<p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">32<p><p></TD><TD width="12%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 12%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">北京吉普<p><p></TD><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 14%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">4,653<p><p></TD><TD width="22%" 9.75pt; WIDTH: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-BOTTOM: 22%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">45<p><p></TD></TR></TABLE><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">资料来源：FOURIN<p><p> <p><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">欧美系厂商在投资方式倾向选择具备相当技术能力与资本的当地企业合作，投入相对的资金与技术，如Delphi 在大陆有1 5 家合资企业、Bosch 有4 家、Visteon 有6 家、Lear有5 家、Johnson control 有4 家、TRW有8 家、Faurecia 有4 家、Valeo有6 家、Siemens VDO有3 家， 主要是供应与欧美合资的整车厂；而早期的日系零组件厂商主要视大陆为劳力密集之生产基地，产品多以回销日本为主，不过近年来在日系整车厂如广州本田及丰田也相继投入大陆内销市场后，日系零组件厂商逐渐落地生根以配合其整车厂在大陆内销的生产投资。如日本第一大Tier 1 零组件供货商Denso在中国大陆有6 个合资/独资企业、Aisin Seiki有5 个、Yazaki有4 个、Koyo Seiko有5 个。 <p><p><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">表四、欧美日零件供货商大陆投资概况 <p><p><TABLE border=1 cellPadding=0 class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 242.25pt; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt" width=323><TR 9.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0?><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; 14%? PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">车系别 <p><p></TD><TD width="23%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 23%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">投资起始年度 <p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">总投资家数 <p><p></TD><TD width="43%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 43%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">厂商 <p><p></TD></TR><TR 9.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1?><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; 14%? PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">北美系 <p><p></TD><TD width="23%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 23%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">1994 <p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">41 <p><p></TD><TD width="43%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 43%?><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">Delphi, Visteon, Lear, Johnson Control, Magna, TRW, Dana <p><p></TD></TR><TR 9.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2?><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; 14%? PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">欧系 <p><p></TD><TD width="23%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 23%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">1994 <p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">17 <p><p></TD><TD width="43%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 43%?><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">Bosch, Faurecia, Valeo, Siemens VDO <p><p></TD></TR><TR 9.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes?><TD width="14%" 9.75pt; 14%? PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH:><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">日系 <p><p></TD><TD width="23%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 23%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">1991 <p><p></TD><TD width="20%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 20%?><P align=center class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">37 <p><p></TD><TD width="43%" 9.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; WIDTH: 43%?><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 9.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">Denso, Aisin Seiko, Yazaki, Koyo, Calsonic, Takata, Gosei, NSK, Stainley, Hitachi, NHK, Saden <p><p></TD></TR></TABLE><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">资料来源：IT IS计划，元大京华投顾整理</P> <P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><B>大陆汽车零组件业面临的三大问题</B><B><p></p></B></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">大陆汽车零组件工业今年来虽然有很大的进步，但与发达国家相比仍存在较大差距，缺乏国际竞争能力，主要表现在以下几个方面。<p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">◎汽车零组件产业结构不符世界潮流，重复投资现象严重。衍生出各厂经济规模不足，零组件品质不一，价格居高不下的问题，同时也造成整车厂沉重的管理成本负担。依据Mckinsey 就目前外资企业在中国大陆所产车型比较全球生产同车型之平均成本分析，其实短期内在中国大陆生产成本未必较为低廉，如动力系统、底盘及车身在2001年相较于全球平均成本分别高出38.7%、13.7%及100.5%，总成本方面尚高出全球平均21.8%。<p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">◎产品开发能力弱。大部分缺少产品开发能力，每引进一种新零组件国产化，都需要重新引进技术，包括图纸、各种技术参数、模具，甚至毛坯。这在过去一个车型10年不变的情况下，可以有足够的时间对引进技术进行消化吸收，再进行国产化。但当前的市场竞争激烈，引进新车型的周期越来越短，即便是有财力去购买技术，也跟不上新车型上市速度。这种情况在入世后的2002年上市新车型国产化率方面的表现已初露端倪。有的车型量产很久，国产化率仍不足30%。<p></p></P>◎部分汽车零部件企业债务负担沉重，发展后劲不足，难以与国外大型汽车零部件企业抗衡。中国加入WTO后，汽车零部件的关税将逐渐降到10％以下，很难再依靠关税保护等手段来限制汽车厂商选择零部件的采购渠道，国外技术含量高、质优价廉的配件有可能成?国内厂家的首选目标，中国零部件企业面临的冲击比整车厂更直接、更严峻。 <P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><B>未来发展潜力更胜汽车市场</B><B><p></p></B></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">虽然产业环境落后，惟投顾认为今后中国汽车零组件市场可能将比汽车市场发展速度快，理由如下： <p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">◎目前许多车厂以引进CKD套件方式生产，但零组件国产化能降低整车的成本，因此整车生产厂家对零部件国产化的积极性仍较高，这就为今后零组件工业高速发展创造了机会。在整车国产化率提高的过程中，零部件工业的发展自然会比汽车工业发展快。<p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">◎国际产业分工和适应汽车生产全球化趋势下，先进国家的汽车和汽车零部件的制造成本高，汽车和汽车零组件的生产自然向发展中国家转移。毕竟中国誉为世界工厂，欧美的汽车零组件企业到中国建厂后，国际采购方向将集中于中国大陆。<p></p></P><P align=left class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">◎过去一些高科技的零部件全部是依靠进口，如喷射供油系统、自动变速箱、ABS、安全气囊、转向动力辅助装置等，但目前高科技零组件的合资企业不断涌现，国产化率也在不断提升。而大陆汽车品质不断提升，这些产品的国产化将进一步刺激市场发展。<p></p></P> <P>我在万向集团，有空可以讨论讨论</P> 谢谢各位啦! 学习了，刚进这个行业，想多了解下 学习了，谢谢，我是做汽车行业软件的，有时间交流。
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