TCL2004 发表于 2004-2-15 20:18:00

胡铨著-互动管理连载8

<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第五幕量子跳跃</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你是一个领导者,或是一个跟随者</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.别人拜托你帮忙,你很少拒绝吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.为了避免与人发生争执,即使你是对的,你也不愿发表意见吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你遵守一般的法规吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你经常向别人说抱歉吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果有人笑你身上的衣服,你会再穿它一遍吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你永远走在时髦的尖端吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你曾经穿那种好看却不舒服的衣服吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.开车时,你曾经咒骂别的驾驶者吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你对反应较慢的人没有耐心吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你经常对人发誓吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你曾经让对方觉得不如你或比你差劲吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你曾经大力批评电视上的言论吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.如果请的工人没有做好,你会反应吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.惯于坦白自己的想法,而不考虑后果吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你是个不轻易忍受别人的人吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.与人争论时,你总爱争赢吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你总是让别人替你做重要的决定吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你喜欢将钱投资在财富上,而胜过于个人成长吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你故意在穿着上吸引他人的注意吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.你不喜欢标新立异吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

TCL2004 发表于 2004-2-15 20:19:00

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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">14.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">15.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">16.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">17.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">18.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">19.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">否→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">0</SPAN>

TCL2004 发表于 2004-2-15 20:19:00

<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说明</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你的分数是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分,你是个标准的跟随声,不适合领导别人。你喜欢被动地听人指挥。在紧急的情况下,你多半不会主动出头带领群众,但你很愿意跟大家配合。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你的分数是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分,你是个介于领导者和跟随者之间的人。你可以随时带头,或指挥别人该怎么做。不过,因为你的个性不够积极,冲劲不足,所以常常是扮演跟随者的角色。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你的分数是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下,你是个天生的领导者。你的个性很强,不愿接受别人的指挥。你喜欢使唤别人,如果别人不愿听从的话,你就会变得很叛逆,不肯轻易服从别人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">第一场:管理概念与领导概念辨析</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 24.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                                                               </SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理概念</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为了澄清管理概念,笔者认为有必要从理念、工具、范式层次去理解管理概念。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">)“理念”早在柏拉图的《理想国》中就提了出来,特指万事万物的本质和稳定性的规定,科学研究旨在探究世界的规律性、稳定性,力图在流变不居的现象背后挖掘出稳定的东西。管理现象随历史时空变化,但管理理念却相对稳定不变,为管理的研究提供基本的原则规范和指导。人们也试图从理念层次上总结管理的内涵,但并没有达成共识。比如:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理史家雷恩认为:管理历史研究表明管理是人们有组织的努力所必不可少的。给管理下一个广义而又切实的定义可把他看成这样的一种活动,即他发挥某种职能,以便有效的获取、分配、和利用人的努力和物质资源,来实现某种目标</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">《韦伯斯特词典》对管理作这样的解释管理:管理的行动和艺术引导或监督商业一类事务,特别是指商业活动项目中计划、组织、协调、控制等执行功能,对结果负责,为达到目的而明智的使用各种手段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一些管理学著作对管理这样定义:保证大量活动得以进行,以完成预定任务的执行过程或活动,特别是创造和维持各种条件,以便通过一群人的共同努力来完成既定目标的执行过程和活动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">)“工具”是达成功理念的方法、途径、可操作的程序。从这个层次理解管理,管理的含义可谓异彩纷呈。有代表性的观点有:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">确切的了解你所希望工人干些什么,然后设法使他们最好,最节约的方法完成他。劳资关系毫无疑问是这种艺术中最重要的组成部分。(泰罗)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">设法最大可能的利用企业掌握的全部财力、人力……确保六个职能的顺利执行,以引导企业实现目标(法约尔)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理是开动、指挥、控制组织计划和程序的生命火化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理就是决策。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理是一个数学模型和程序系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理是不同团体作用并协调期间的具有相互关系的文化系统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">管理就是通过计划工作、组织工作、领导工作、和控制工作的诸过程来协调所有的资源,以便达到既定的目标。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>

TCL2004 发表于 2004-2-15 20:20:00

<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)从上面关于管理的概念的罗列中我们可以提炼出以下几点作为这些概念都具有的理念:首先管理的目的在于实现组织目标。其次:管理需要一种理性的结构和过程,这种结构和过程充满了知识和心智的努力。再次:衡量管理好坏的标准是效率、效益、生产率。复次:管理遵循主客体模式,管理者通过管理技术、制度、理性的结构控制、约束管理要素。最后:管理是组织的根本。这些构成了管理理念的基本规定,是管理概念中稳定的东西。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">从工具层面上讲,凡是某种途径、方法、程序体现了上述理念都可包含在管理的概念中。这些途径、方法往往拥有自己的基本假设和概念框架,能够解释预测许多管理实践,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">形成一种“范式”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">常见的范式有:过程范式(当今大多数管理教科书都采用过程方法)、系统权变范式、决策范式、管理科学范式等等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">当然这些范式并不是毫不相干的,他们作为一种工具,作为一种实现管理理念的努力,不断丰富管理的内涵,推动管理理论和实践的发展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.05pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">二、领导概念:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">概念作为具有认识意义的语词,作为认识之网上的节点。是随着概念的客观对象和认识的方法的改进不断变化和丰富的。其代表性的观点有:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">领导指那些具有进取心,有领导愿望,诚实正直,自信,智能,具有广博的关于工作的知识的人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">领导与赤裸裸的行使权力者的不同之处在于,前者是在追随者的需要和目的紧密相联的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">领导就是使用权威与决定;领导是对一个组织起来的集体树立目标实现目标的活动施加影响的过程;领导是一项程序,是在目标的选择和达成问题上接受指挥、指导和影响;领导是一种说服别人热诚的追求已经确定目标的能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">我们通过研究发现领导的独立研究比管理晚,管理之所以能孕育领导研究是因为管理与领导在理念层次上有一致性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)领导的目标是有效的实现组织目标;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)领导目标的实现需要一定的结构,这些结构包括特定的要素,要素之间的组合方式是优化的、理性的;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)衡量领导有效的基本价值、关键指标是效率、效益、组织的生产率;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)领导是组织的灵魂;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)领导遵循主客体模式,领导者在一定环境中对被领导者施加影响力,以趋达领导目标;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">同样的,作为工具层面上的领导含义比较多,主要有:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                                                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">特质范式:从领导的个人素质定义领导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                                                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">行为范式:从领导的活动、行为特征角度定义领导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                                                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">权变范式:从变量分析、确定变量的组合模式上定义领导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">                                                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">功能范式、归因范式等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">这些工具都服务于领导的基本理念和价值。同时区别于管理的工具和范式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">三、领导与管理异同辨析</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">思考练习</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">领导与管理的相同点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>

TCL2004 发表于 2004-2-15 20:20:00

<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">我们辨析清楚了领导与管理的概念,为领导与管理的区分开辟了良好的比较平台。从以上的分析中笔者认为两者具有如下的相同点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)领导与管理在理念层次上是一致的。这一点在前面的辨析中已经有了充分论述,此处从略。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)领导与管理在工具层面上有一部分是一致的。之所以如此是因为管理与领导的工具都是为了实现相同的理念。比如领导要对被领导者施加影响,需要一定的知识作为基础,而管理的理性结构实质上也是一种知识结构。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">)被上层领导视作管理的内容,往往成为下层管理者领导的内容。上层领导从宏观上确定组织的方向,制定组织的基本价值取向,这些成为下级管理者制定计划,进行人力、财力、物力组织、指挥、协调、控制的依据,即下级领导成为上级领导的管理者。上级领导重在对下级领导的动员、鼓动、激励、形成群体的合力,以期望他们的管理工作朝向既定的目标和价值。也就是说领导只需要把管理者的工作结果,作为制定规划,实施组织变革的起点。而不必要直接介入低层次的管理工作。在组织系统中领导对管理的信息流是上向收敛的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                       </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: '\000B '; mso-hansi-font-family: '\000B '">找出了两者的相同点,还不能准确的把握两者,必须弄清楚两者的区别,才能找到管理和领导的特殊性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: '\000B '; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


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