胡铨著-互动管理连载6
<B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三幕有的放矢</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B><P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当上下作到“同志”，我们才能有的放矢。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——编者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试你的行动力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你是个光说不练的人，还是一个付诸实际行动的人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你喜欢忙忙碌碌过日子吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。你会对塞车的情况不耐烦吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你一直在换工作吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">4.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你无法忍受闲着没事干的情况吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．凡事你喜欢参与，而胜过旁观吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．如果乘电梯的人太多时，你宁愿爬楼梯吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．别人曾经抱怨你的动作太快吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．即使在周末，你也一样早起吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你总是对新的工作计划表现一般吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">10. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你喜欢组织群众吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你喜欢行动胜过计划吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你花许多时间来苦思冥想吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你曾经臆想“究竟人来自何处”和“为什么”吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">14. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你喜欢做填字游戏吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你喜欢参观博物馆和画廊吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">16.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你喜欢言之有物的聊天吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．你习惯一次爬两级楼梯吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．在同样的时间内，你常比别人完成较多的事情吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．度假的时候，你喜欢刺激热闹胜过于悠闲自在吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">20.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成天无事可做，你会觉得无聊吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?</SPAN> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计分方法</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">依下表计算你的分数：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">明</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你的分数是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分，你是个标准的实践家。凡事你不会光说不练，尤其喜欢忙忙碌碌地过日子；你喜欢主动参与，计划永远排得满满的，越忙越有劲。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你的分数是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分，你是个介于实践家和梦想家之间的人。你喜欢过得忙碌，但不反对偶尔静下来思考一番。因此，像你这样的人，更容易适应各种环境。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你的分数是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下，你是个标准的梦想家。你宁愿一个人抱着一本书看或任思维四处遨游。虽然你也喜欢有人作伴、和人聊天，但是你很懂得娱乐自己、享受独处的乐趣。</SPAN></SPAN> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互动提示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有了目标，关键是要行动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #3e3526; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在实际工作中，目标的制订和分解必须遵循一定的程序和步骤，一步跟一步，一环扣一环，要有科学的态度和实事求是的精神，不能随心所欲，更不能心血来潮。否则，这样的目标是没有牢固基础的，即使下级管理人员列出了目标，也是分文不值的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">按步骤设定和分解目标，准备工作和行动方案同样重要。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">小案例，大道理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有个总经理叫约翰。约翰对目标管理的经验和知识十分缺乏，但是却听到过不少有关目标管理取得成功的神奇传说。于是，约翰被热情所驱使，急切地召集管理人员会议，简单地对他们谈了谈自己对目标管理的看法，随后告诉他们，公司决定推行目标管理制度，并且要求每个管理人员制订一份自己的工作目标清单。不得已，每个管理人员在忧心忡忡、惟恐失败的气氛中准备了目标。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你认为这种目标管理会有效吗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 26"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 12"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></U>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">分析参考</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上的这种做法，本身有如下缺点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(1)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不能提出公司的真正需要和重点；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(2)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下级不会支持上级目标；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(3)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即使只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个管理人员，并且共同管理一个统一经营的单位，但他们的目标也不会彼此互相支持；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(4)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一些管理人员会与整个公司的最佳结果背道而驰；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(5)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提出的目标范围很广，不利于把握重点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一场：有效准备</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、第</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">步：整理信息</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目标管理的指导原则之一是使每一个管理人员都承担帮助上级实现目标的责任。换句话说，每一个管理人员在他的上级的目标中，都有他的一部分活动。因此，管理人员如果想对实现上一级目标要有所帮助，就必须知道关于这些目标的情况。为此，每一个上一级管理人员，在他的下级管理人员开始考虑他们目标之前，最低限度应向他们提供下列情况：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(1)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上一级目标；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(2)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目标阶段的主要重点；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(3)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境因素以及为编写目标和计划的基础和各种假设；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">(4)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编写和提出目标和计划的基本规则。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供上一级目标</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供给下级管理人员的目标，在一般情况下，是上级已经建立起来的目标。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">小案例，大道理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">某公司提供财务系统的目标，下列管理人员可能得到如下一些目标：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你认为公司最高目标沿组织结构应下达到哪一等级最好</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互动提示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司中最高目标应该每一级都知道，但最关键的是把上一级的目标作最广泛的下达。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供重点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在推行目标阶段内，下级对上一级重点目标的范围和重要性，从目标本身常常不能一眼就看出来。上级最好随目标附上一份目标阶段内重点目标的清单。以下是一份只按主题分类的重点目标清单。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">举例：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是某公司提供给管理人员作指导用的重点目标。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">资产管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利润的百分数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高市场渗透力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不丧失市场地位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">控制间接费用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改善采购工作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩大价值分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高安全性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">培养管理人员</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高生产能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平衡进行订货</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">降低债务与资本的比例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">适应通货膨胀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对管理人员的工作评价</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供环境因素和假设</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最简单的环境分析，是在通过研究可能影响公司活动的外部</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因素和环境后得出的。这种研究主要是针对工业和经济总的发展的估计，其中包括工业的增长，消费者的需要，以及经济状态等因素。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">假设则是对当前某些外部因素的估计。对于这些因素，公司通常很少有左右的能力，相反，它们对公司的活动可能有较大影响。这里要注意的是，在设立和分解目标的流程图中，“假设”会出现两次：分别出现在步骤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">l</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和步骤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两处的基本区别是：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">步骤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的假设是广泛的、总的假说，在共同关心的事物上，对各级管理人员起指导作用，如通货膨胀问题。而步骤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的假设是指具体的假设，主要适用于编写目标的管理人员，如人事经理所需要的关于人力供应的假设。管理人员利用所有这些假设作为编写目标的基础。可能包括：通货膨胀将以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">X</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％继续发展；借人资金将占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">X</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％；政府颁发了不利于利润的法律等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境分析以及对重要假设的说明一般应集中准备。常常由经济学家或计划主任承担这项工作，并向下级管理人员下达，供他们使用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供基本规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">管理人员设定目标和计划的主要指导原则包括：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对所有符合条件的一切项目提供资金；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不增加基本人员；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所有计划都包括意外事故因素。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些基本原则如何指导管理人员呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">?<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">举第二条“不增加基本人员”为例。这一条告诉管理人员，不要浪费宝贵时间制订要求额外增加人员的目标。这样一来，他可以集中精力来制订真正有效的目标。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互动改变着世界！让我们积极的互动起来！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 10pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美国伯克莱管理研究中心亚太总部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">执行总裁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上海中路企业管理咨询有限公司</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总经理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">财智</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">2003</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国人力资源年度奖之十大杰出管理培训师</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> <BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡铨</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">衷心感谢您提供每一次有价值的互动！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电话：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">021-63280932<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传真：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">021-63283137<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">手机：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">13816069136<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
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