[原创]力拓间谍案对今后中国企业海外并购的影响
<h3 style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><a name="#02"></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">力拓间谍案对今后中国企业海外并购的影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">华一</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">编者按:</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">孙子开篇曰:兵者,国之大事,不可不察也。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">我说:跨国并购者,企业之大事,兴衰之所,不可不察也。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">国内媒体注重“力拓间谍案”本身的报道及中方的立场,本文作者根据与海外资本市场</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">多年打交道的经验,从海外被收购方的角度来分析本案,及其对今后中国企业“走出去”的影响。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">尽管中方表示力拓案间谍案与中铝投资力拓失败无关,西方媒体的反映还是把这两件事联系了起来,认为间谍案是中方对力拓的报复。既然对方如此认为,中方就有必要分析一下此案对中国企业今后进行海外投资的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">首先,现在最紧张的应该是力拓的高管层,作为一家在澳大利亚、英国及美国</span><span lang="EN-US">SEC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">注册的公司,力拓受制于美国的《反海外腐败法》。一旦力拓被证明涉嫌向外国政府公职人员行贿,就有可能受到民事起诉,而高管也有可能受到刑事起诉。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">以西门子行贿案为例,西门子公司至少为其行贿行为支付了总额高达</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">亿美圆的各类罚款;同时,相关部门负责人被判入狱,公司董事长和总裁提前结束了职业生涯……前车之鉴历历在目,“死穴”被他人掌握于手中(至少媒体这样认为),力拓的高管们怎能不紧张呢?</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">本文的中心不是力拓高层有多紧张,而是分析此案对外国来华投资及中国企业对外投资的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">据传,多家在华外企正在加强《反海外腐败法》的风险管理,加大相关内部风险系统的投资和审计,增强事发高风险部门与高管层之间的“防火墙”,以共同隔离一旦事发可能引起的高层震荡及对企业的损害。长期来看,来华外企在选择投资项目及经营范围时会更加谨慎,因此《反海外腐败法》所带来的风险可能会成为在华投资项目可行性研究的一条重要指标。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">对于中国企业海外融资并购,此案的影响主要有三点:</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">中国在海外注册的企业,如在美国上市的企业,同样受到美国《反海外腐败法》约束。这些中国企业的腐败行为将受到外国法律的严格制裁。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">受中国企业融资的外企将对中国投资方更加尊重与谨慎,他们将更加全面考虑如果<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">他们</span>激怒了中方投资人,中方使用报复措施的可能性。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">中国企业在对外并购投资时要学习国外的成熟企业,建立起一套投资并购的决策体系,以增强专业化程度。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">笔者参加过一些大型中资及外资的并购案。与中资决策相比,大型外资在并购时,更加注重各个方案的全面性研究。笔者设计的几十个外资并购案例,无一不在进入时考虑了退出方案,及收购失败时的损失控制。一般外资并购时都会对“分手点”做出分析,比如股票价位到某一正段等,力拓在中铝分手的决策很有可能是力拓在融资时就已经研究过的方案之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">笔者注意到外资除了注重全面性调研之外,还特别注重方案的定量分析。笔者曾参与的一个项目,前前后后收集了无数数据及资料,对一百多个不同排列组合的方案进行了模拟计算。由此,外资对定量分析的认真与深入,可见一斑。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">(作者系正略钧策管理咨询合伙人,任何发表、转载须先得到许可,联系方式:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">010-58671818-291/132</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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