[原创]直接降低成本的一些见解
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">世界经济形势不断恶化，企业产品竞争力成为能否生存的重要参考，成本控制、质量稳定提高、人员素质提升等诸多因素影响企业产品竞争力，而成本控制在目前的经济环境情况下，显现的更加重要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">成本降低方面裁员只是下下策，应该从节约能源方面入手，降低用电、用水、用气、用油等方面的消耗也可以节约一大笔的开支</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">工业用电一般采用峰、平、谷分别进行电费征收，其中峰段（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">08:00~12:00</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">17:00~21:00</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">），平段（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">12:00~17:00</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">21:00~24:00</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">），谷段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(00:00~08:00)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，峰段的电费在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">1</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">元以上，平段电费在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">0.6</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">元左右，谷段电费在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">0.3</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">元以下。峰、平、谷段电费差价很大，利用错峰用电降低成本效果很明显。如果某一家公司都是白天班进行生产（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">08</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">00~17</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">00</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">），而用电成本占总成本的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">10%</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">左右，若该公司利用夜班</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">谷段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(00:00~08:00))</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">进行生产，仅用电成本就可以降低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">5%~6%</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，这些成本降低就是活生生的产品竞争力。假如该公司实行轮班生产，换料、改制程、检修、保养等停机时间应尽量利用早班</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(08:00~12:00)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">区间进行，一方面早班人员工作精神较好，另一方面停机时间也可节约电费开支；而预热等等待时间尽量安排在夜班进行，一般而言预热耗电量基本相当于生产耗电量，在厂房照明方面使用节能灯也是一个不错的选择，节能灯选择尽量考虑使用质量较好，以免得不偿失。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">电力电费方面的节约可以明显看出效果，用水、用气量的降低也并非没有办法，用水方面尽量使用循环水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">条件允许的情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，当然也可以使用节水水龙头来减少水资源的消耗，用气方面可以从技术上考虑适当调低生产温度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">在保证产品质量的前提下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，这样同样可以节约用气量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">用油包括锅炉燃油</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">部分厂商</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">、热媒油、润滑油等诸多方面，在热媒油方面应尽量考虑减少热媒油的无形损耗及泄露损失。润滑油在周期保养中肯定会使用，加润滑油也同样有一些考量，如：加润滑油不能过多，溢出过多同样也是损耗；加润滑油也不能太少，太少同样会影响设备的使用效果造成设备磨损，严重时可能会损坏设备而得不偿失，润滑油的添加应尽量形成一个机制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">包括加润滑油周期，添加量，检测情况等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，这样同样可以节约部分成本。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -9pt; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: -.75; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">通过以上措施一般生产厂可降低制造成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">10%</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">以上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">劳动密集型企业除外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，除以上措施之外还有一些可考量的因素，如在保证产品品质的情况下，降低单位制品辅助料的使用量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">大部分制品辅助料价格较主料高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，提高设备利用率，降低异常品率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">(</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">次品、再次生产品、瑕疵品、特殊检验品等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><font face="">)</font></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">，降低设备故障率等诸多方面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></font></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: '';">看到部分企业动辄选择裁员、降薪、限产、停产，提一些简单的建议，希望对更多在艰难经济环境中竞争的生产企业会有所帮助。</span> 措施方法的确有效，但这需要管理很好的工厂。您说的工作，天天都在做
<p>楼主，您说的工作，企业每天都有要求做，但这并不能影响企业的变化。</p><p>您说的，让工作时间调整到0：00-8：00。太不人道了，我看还不如被裁了拉倒。谁会半夜去上班？安全问题，生理问题，您有没有考虑过？为什么对中国人这样？</p><p>企业的运转，大部分依靠市场。没有了市场，当然是倒闭。这是正常的经济规律。没有办法避免。</p><p>节能减排，当然是好事。我不否认，但目前的关键，稳定市场，不要让价值链断了。否则，穷人又会满大街了。</p><p></p><p></p> <p>这样的实际意义不大。</p><p></p><p>还不如考虑其他的方式来运作</p> 楼主的见解确实有好的一面，但是在实际操作的过程中就会碰到3楼所说的那种状况，我们工厂就曾经为了省电和提高机台的利用率而改了正常的白夜班时间，事实证明不可行。 <p>最好的办法其实还是要从企业的自身出发，提高效率、降低成本应该是企业所追求的，这个时候正是我们企业净下来，分析一下，我们整个企业中哪些活动或者过程是没有价值的，哪些地方有浪费，通过不断的改善来提供效率，降低成本，让这个冬天过得更暖一些</p>
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