月光旅行 发表于 2008-10-22 12:58:27

[转帖]10分钟让你全面了解当前世界金融危机

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">对金融危机最普遍的官方解释是次贷问题,然而次贷总共不过几千亿,而美国政府救市</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">资金早已到了万亿以上,为什么危机还是看不到头?有文章指出危机的根源是金融机构</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">采用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">杠杆</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">交易;另一些专家指出金融危机的背后是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">62</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万亿的信用违约掉期(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">Credit<br/>Default Swap, CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">)。那么,次贷,杠杆和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">之间究竟是什么关系?它们之间通过</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">什么样的相互作用产生了今天的金融危机?在众多的金融危机分析文章中,始终没有看</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">到对这些问题的简单明了的解释。本文试图通过自己的理解为这些问题提供一个答案,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">为通俗易懂起见,我们使用了几个假想的例子。有不恰当之处欢迎批评讨论。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">一。杠杆。目前,许多投资银行为了赚取暴利,采用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">30</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">倍杠杆操作,假设一个银行</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/>A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">自身资产为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">30</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">30</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">倍杠杆就是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">900</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。也就是说,这个银行</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">以</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"> 30</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿资产为抵押去借</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/>900</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿的资金用于投资,假如投资盈利</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%,那么</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">就获得</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">45</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿的盈利,相对于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">自身资产</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">而言,这是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">150</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%的暴利。反过来,假如投资亏损</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%,那么银行</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">赔光了自己的全部资</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">产还欠</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">15</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">二。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">合同。由于杠杆操作高风险,所以按照正常的规定,银行不运行进行这样的冒</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">险操作。所以就有人想出一个办法,把杠杆投资拿去做</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">保险</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">。这种保险就叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">比如,银行</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">为了逃避杠杆风险就找到了机构</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">。机构</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">可能是另一家银行,也可能是保</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">险公司,诸如此类。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">对</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">说,你帮我的贷款做违约保险怎么样,我每年付你保险费</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">千</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万,连续</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">10</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">年,总共</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,假如我的投资没有违约,那么这笔保险费你就白拿了,假如</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">违约,你要为我赔偿。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">想,如果不违约,我可以赚</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">45</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,这里面拿出</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿用来做保险,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">我还能净赚</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">40</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。如果有违约,反正有保险来赔。所以对</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">而言这是一笔只赚不赔的生</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">意。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">是一个精明的人,没有立即答应</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">的邀请,而是回去做了一个统计分析,发现违约</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">的情况不到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%。如果做一百家的生意,总计可以拿到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">500</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿的保险金,如果其中一家违</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">约,赔偿额最多不过</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">50</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,即使两家违约,还能赚</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">400</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A,B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">双方都认为这笔买卖对自</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">己有利,因此立即拍板成交,皆大欢喜。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">三。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">市场。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">做了这笔保险生意之后,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">在旁边眼红了。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">就跑到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">那边说,你把这</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">100<br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">个</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">卖给我怎么样,每个合同给你</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,总共</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">200</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">想,我的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">400</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿要</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">10</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">年才能拿到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,现在一转手就有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">200</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,而且没有风险,何乐而不为,因此</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">马上就成交了。这样</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">一来,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">就像股票一样流到了金融市场之上,可以交易和买卖。实际上</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">拿到这批</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS<br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">之后,并不想等上</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">10</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">年再收取</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">200</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,而是把它挂牌出售,标价</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">220</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">看到这个产品</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,算了一下,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">400</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿减去</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">220</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿,还有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">180</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿可赚,这是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">原始股</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,不算贵,立即买了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">下来。一转手,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">赚了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">20 </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。从此以后,这些</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">就在市场上反复的抄,现在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">的市场</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">总值已经抄到了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">62</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万亿美元。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span>

月光旅行 发表于 2008-10-22 12:58:41

<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">四。次贷。上面</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"> A,B,C,D,E,F....</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">都在赚大钱,那么这些钱到底从那里冒出来的呢?从</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">根本上说,这些钱来自</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">以及同</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">相仿的投资人的盈利。而他们的盈利大半来自美国的次</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">级贷款。人们说次贷危机是由于把钱借给了穷人。笔者对这个说法不以为然。笔者以为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,次贷主要是给了普通的美国房产投资人。这些人的经济实力本来只够买自己的一套住</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">房,但是看到房价快速上涨,动起了房产投机的主意。他们把自己的房子抵押出去,贷</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">款买投资房。这类贷款利息要在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">8</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">9</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%以上,凭他们自己的收入很难对付,不过他们</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">可以继续把房子抵押给银行,借钱付利息,空手套白狼。此时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">很高兴,他的投资在为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">他赚钱;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">也很高兴,市场违约率很低,保险生意可以继续做;后面的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C,D,E,F</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">等等都跟</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">着赚钱。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">五。次贷危机。房价涨到一定的程度就涨不上去了,后面没人接盘。此时房产投机人急</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">得像热锅上的蚂蚁。房子卖不出去,高额利息要不停的付,终于到了走头无路的一天,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">把房子甩给了银行。此时违约就发生了。此时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">感到一丝遗憾,大钱赚不着了,不过也</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亏不到那里,反正有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">做保险。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">也不担心,反正保险已经卖给了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">。那么现在这份</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">保</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">险在那里呢,在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">手里。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">刚从</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">F</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">手里花了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">300</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿买下了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"> 100</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">个</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,还没来得及转手,突</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">然接到消息,这批</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">被降级,其中有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">个违约,大大超出原先估计的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">1</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%的违约</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">率。每个违约要支付</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">50</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿的保险金,总共支出达</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">1000</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。加上</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">300</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">收购费,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">的亏</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">损总计达</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">1300</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。虽然</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">是全美排行前</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">10</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">名的大机构,也经不起如此巨大的亏损。因此</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G<br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">濒临倒闭。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">六。金融危机。如果</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">倒闭,那么</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">花费</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">5</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿美元买的保险就泡了汤,更糟糕的是,由于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A<br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">采用了杠杆原理投资,根据前面的分析,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">赔光全部资产也不够还债。因此</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">立即面临</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">破产的危险。除了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">之外,还有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A2</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A3,...,A20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,统统要准备倒闭。因此</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G,A,A2,...,<br/>A20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">一起来到美国财政部长面前,一把鼻涕一把眼泪地游说,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万万不能倒闭,它一倒闭</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">大家都完了。财政部长心一软,就把</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">G</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">给国有化了,此后</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A,...,A20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">的保险金总计</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">1000</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">美元全部由美国纳税人支付。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">七。美元危机。上面讲到的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">100</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">个</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">的市场价是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">300</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。而</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">市场总值是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">62</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万亿,假设</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">其中有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">10</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">%的违约,那么就有</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">6</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万亿的违约</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">。这个数字是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">300</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">200</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">倍。如果说美国</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">政府收购价值</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">300</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">之后要赔出</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">1000 </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">亿。那么对于剩下的那些违约</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">CDS</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">,美国政府</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">就要赔出</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">20</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">万亿。如果不赔,就要看着</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">A20,A21,A22</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">等等一个接一个倒闭。无论采取什</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">么措施,美元大贬值已经不可避免。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">    </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;"><br/></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;">以上计算所用的假设和数字同实际情况会有出入,但美国金融危机的严重性无法低估。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ;">
        </span>

shanlin 发表于 2008-10-22 21:03:20

sunhuaqun 发表于 2008-10-27 17:18:04

分析的透彻易懂!
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