民航科技发展战略(草稿)
<p>中国民航设定了一个战略目标,就是到2020年,能够成为世界民航强国。然而,民航强国绝不仅仅表现在最新的机队和豪华的机场;我以为民航强国必须在人才、管理和科技创新上进行系统规划,切实执行,方有可能快步走向世界前列,受到国际同行的尊敬。</p><p>下面是我的设想,请各位批评。</p> <h1 style="MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a name="_Toc202773868"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">一、民航科技发展形势分析</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773868;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h1><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773869"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(一)民航强国目标呼唤科技支撑</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773869;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773870"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773870;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国已经成为民航大国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773870;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">改革开放<span lang="EN-US">30</span>年来我国民航一直保持持续、快速的发展。<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年,全行业共完成运输总周转量达全年完成运输总周转量、旅客运输量和货邮运输量为<span lang="EN-US">361</span>亿吨公里、<span lang="EN-US">1.85</span>亿人和<span lang="EN-US">396</span>万吨。旅客周转量在国际民航组织缔约国中的排名已上升至第<span lang="EN-US">2</span>位。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">机场和空中交通管理基础设施建设不断取得新成绩,通用航空稳定增长,运输结构进一步优化,继续保持安全态势,服务质量得到较大改善。我国已经连续当选为国际民航组织一类理事国,成为名副其实的民航大国。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;">与此同时,民航信息化建设取得较大进展,旅客订座系统、离港系统、货运系统、收益管理系统等航空公司、机场商务信息系统陆续建成并投入使用。空中交通服务手段正由全面的程序管制向雷达管制服务过渡,并准备进入陆基导航与星基导航相结合的阶段。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;">改革开放<span lang="EN-US">30</span>年来,民航科技工作取得显著成绩,兴建了<span lang="EN-US">10</span>个科研基地(重点实验室),有力提高航空安全、空中交通管理、机务维修、民航信息技术、行业宏观管理、民航企业管理等学科领域的科研水平,一批科技成果获得国家和民航科技进步奖,为民航的发展起到了支撑和推动的作用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773871"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773871;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国民航发展模式依然粗放</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773871;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">但也应清醒地认识到,我国民航结构仍然不够合理,粗放型经济增长方式没有根本转变,已成为制约我国民航持续健康发展的瓶颈。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773872"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">3. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773872;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">过度依赖国外技术和设备</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773872;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">自上世纪<span lang="EN-US">70</span>年代后期以来,我国民航一直将引进国外飞机及其他技术设备作为发展民航的重要途径,收到了明显成效。但由于缺乏消化、吸收和自主创新</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">不够</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">,又</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">与本国工业、信息产业缺乏合作交流,从而</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">也形成了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">航空器、空管设备等重大装备以及行业标准对发达国家的长期的高度依赖,同时在关键技术上又往往受制于人。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773873"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">4. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773873;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">建设民航强国成必然的战略选择</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773873;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">世界民航超级强国如美国和欧盟,他们引领国际产业走向,具有强大民用航空器及相关重大装备制造背景,本国产业技术标准成为国际标准,民航产业商业模式的主要创造者,安全和服务质量指标处于世界前列,人均航空运输周转量和企业经济效益指标处于世界前列,国际航线市场占有率较高。与他们相比,存在巨大差距。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">另一类国家和地区,如新加坡等国,他们紧跟产业发展前沿,使用最新民用航空器及重大装备,产业整体执行最新标准,以最快速度按照国际最新商业模式运行,其民航企业在国际航空运输市场上具备与超级强国竞争的实力,安全指标和人均航空运输周转量处于世界前列。以这些国家相比,我国民航同样存在较大差距。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">这两方面的比较,反映出我国民航在制造业方面的背景和经济管理两方面的巨大差距,这是我国民航国际竞争力较低的根本原因。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国民航总局为贯彻党的“十六大”、“十七大”落实科学发展观,全面建设小康社会的精神,在全面分析我国民航发展的优势、劣势的基础上,提出到<span lang="EN-US">2020</span>年要实现从民航大国到民航强国的战略目标,这是我国民航发展的历史的、必然要求,也是建设强大社会主义国家的必然要求。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773874"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">5. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773874;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">增强自主创新能力已经刻不容缓</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773874;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">但日益加剧的国际航空运输市场竞争表明,航空运输服务产业和产品的竞争越来越表现为技术的竞争,以美国为主的发达国家凭借对技术的垄断和快速升级,以图长期保持对我国民航的优势,从而获得不对称的经济、甚至政治利益。已经成为民航大国的我国民航,已经对产业升级和下一代民航先进技术提出急迫需求,在此情况下,如果继续长期依靠大量引进国外技术而不加强自主创新,我国民航不仅要付出更高的成本,而且必然会丧失竞争的先机。因此,增强我国民航自主创新能力已经刻不容缓。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">同时,随着一些技术领先国家加大对我国进口先进技术的限制,先进技术特别是战略高技术很难引进。更为重要的是,技术可以引进,创新能力难以引进。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773875"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(二)我国民航科技工作存在的</span></a><a style="mso-comment-reference: 赵宝龄_1; mso-comment-date: 20080702T1452;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773875;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">问题</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773875;"><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 173%; FONT-FAMILY: ""; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><a language="JavaScript" class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_1" href="http://bbs.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=140,188460,0,0,0,0,0,1#_msocom_1" name="_msoanchor_1"><font face="宋体">[赵宝龄1]</font></a><span style="mso-special-character: comment;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773875;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773876"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773876;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">科技项目本身存在的问题</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773876;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">虽然发布项目指南,但是由于尚未站在产业科技进步的高度缺乏战略规划,实际批准立项的项目往往不能形成完整的系统,更难以统筹关键性战略高技术项目的研究。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">虽然自然科学基金项目等吸收了民航外高等院校的科研力量,但是在整个行业的应用基础研究和战略高技术项目上利用我国工业和信息产业和其他科研院所的优质资源依然不够充分。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">虽然民航科技系统完成不少项目,推动了我国民航产业的科技进步,但是技术装备、行业标准和市场规则等方面在总体上依然没有改变我国民航相对于美、欧的从属地位。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773877"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773877;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">科技管理存在的问题</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773877;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(1) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">未与民航强国目标进行实质链接<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">由于民航强国内涵尚未科学定义,民航强国目标尚未进行实质规划,因此,科技项目指南未能在民航强国规划指导下编制,技术开发和软科学研究未能在民航强国计划之下系统化地展开,故而难以达到实现民航<a style="mso-comment-reference: 赵宝龄_2; mso-comment-date: 20080702T1439;">强国</a></span><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><a language="JavaScript" class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_2" href="http://bbs.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=140,188460,0,0,0,0,0,1#_msocom_2" name="_msoanchor_2"><font face="宋体">[赵宝龄2]</font></a><span style="mso-special-character: comment;"><font face=""> </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">对科技工作支持所需的高度。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(2) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">民航科技尚未与人力资源实质链接<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">民航强国应是一个系统化的指标体系所规定的,实现民航强国目标必然要求一个系统化的科学研究和技术开发,这就要求特定的高技术人才和软科学专家及其组合,到目前为止,为培养和引进这样的专家及其组合而做了不少工作,但力度显然是不够的。曾经评聘若干专家,但“专家”多,复合型人才少,结构不够合理,不足以担当上述任务,评聘后实际工作不多。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><div style="mso-element: comment-list;"><hr class="msocomoff" align="left" width="33%" size="1"/><div style="mso-element: comment;"><div language="JavaScript" class="msocomtxt" id="_com_1"><span style="mso-comment-author: 赵宝龄;"><a name="_msocom_1"></a></span><p class="MsoCommentText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: comment;"><font face=""> </font></span></span></span></p></div></div></div> <h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773878"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(三)我国民航已经站在科技进步的新起点上</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773878;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773879"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773879;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国工业和高技术正发生质的飞跃</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773879;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">我国高技术发展在许多领域已经或正在取得重大突破,基本或初步或开始具备了支持民航发展对重大装备和重大技术的需求,我国工业和信息产业已经具备或初步具备民航重大技术装备和信息系统的研发能力。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773880"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773880;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国民航科技已经具备系统创新的基础</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773880;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">我国民航经济体制改革<span lang="EN-US">30</span>年来,取得丰富经验和教训,成为我国民航改革开放和自主创新新起点的宝贵财富。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773881"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(四)形势分析结论</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773881;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773882"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773882;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">加快自主创新刻不容缓</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773882;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">无论从我国民航行业发展的进程看,从欧美民航产业技术升级的趋势看,还是从国际航空运输市场竞争态势看,增强我国民航自主创新能力已经刻不容缓。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773883"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773883;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">中国民航将进入系统创新时代</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773883;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">中国民航将进入系统创新时代<span lang="EN-US">(</span>观念创新、技术创新、管理创新、软科学、硬装备同步发展,新一代航空运输系统、航空器制造及其维修、新一代空管技术、安全管理技术、航务及商务信息系统、通用航空服务技术、<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、自主创新为主的时代<span lang="EN-US">(</span>民航信息技术创新、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">商务模式创新、政府监管模式创新、创新体制、机制和组织的创新<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、开放创新时代<span lang="EN-US">(</span>打破民航相对封闭状况,首先向工业和信息产业部、国防科工委开放、向大专院校开放,其次,向国外开放<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、理论创新<span lang="EN-US">(</span>民航是科技应用部门,但是必须避免过度实用主义,基础研究不足,导致创新能力差<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> <h1 style="MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a name="_Toc202773884"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">二、民航科技发展的指导思想</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773884;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h1><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773885"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(一)指导思想</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773885;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">推动基础研究和战略高技术研究的跨越发展,需要在遵循科技发展规律的前提下,突出重点,加强引导,集中资源,协同集成,走开放创新之路。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">积极参与制订和主导重大高技术产业的国际技术标准,构建自主创新的技术基础;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">适度超前部署战略性前沿高技术研发与产业规划;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">坚持体制创新与技术创新并举,原始创新、集成创新、引进消化吸收再创新并重。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773886"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(二)重要启示</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773886;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773887"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773887;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">制造业背景</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773887;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">美国拥有民航飞机和其他重大装备制造技术,使得美国国家标准成为世界民航业行业标准,美国在世界民航业内有着独一无二的话语权,从而成为世界民航的超级强国。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">启示一,成为完整意义上的民航强国需要国家民航重大装备制造强大背景。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773888"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773888;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">软科学的作用</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773888;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">新加坡虽然是个小国,没有国内航线,但是无论是航空公司,还是机场,其企业经营、安全服务、经济效益以及政府监管都堪称世界一流,屡屡为世人称道。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">启示二,仅仅有制造业是不够的,与成为民航强国,体制和机制的创新、企业管理、政府职能、软科学研究的作用往往不低于制造技术的作用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773889"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">3. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773889;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">智力支持</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773889;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">美国麻省理工学院应用数学专家研究,将航空公司编制航班计划问题归结为线性规划问题,依此开发的软件系统为<span lang="EN-US">AA</span>航空公司每日<span lang="EN-US">4500</span>个航班的编排提供了与欧化的解决方案。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">启示三,实现民航强国,需要智力支持;而智力支持也不能过于急功近利,往往需要从源头上解决问题。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773890"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">4. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773890;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">企业是科技进步的主体</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773890;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">波音成立空管公司,研发新一代空管系统。美国新一代空中交通管理系统,不是在科研院所研究产生,而是利用企业的市场机制<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">启示四,实现民航强国目标的全过程,始终离不开科技进步,而科技进步的主体是企业,技术开发的主体是企业,技术应用的主体更是企业。我国民航必须转换机制,调动企业科技进步的积极性,真正让企业在依靠科技进步建设民航强国的过程中担当主角。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773891"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">5. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773891;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">科技进步需要深化改革</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773891;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">实施航空公司飞行控制系统</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">可以对飞行运作进行集中式的实时动态管理,提高公司运营效率,降低飞行运作成本,保障安全生产,促进优质服务,为领导决策提供快速准确的飞行信息,是航公司走向现代化管理、建设大型航空企业集团的必要条件。然而,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">我国航空公司引进或开发的<span lang="EN-US">SOC</span>系统长期不能得到充分利用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">启示五,这一事例说明,对于有利于民航企业提高市场竞争力,有利于建设民航强国的科技进步,经常会由于体制和机制不顺,触及个别人的权力和利益,而受到抵制,推动科技进步,需要深化改革。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773892"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">6. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773892;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">充分利用一切科技资源</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773892;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">信息公司兼并、联合,知识产权、智力资源快速集中。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">启示六,民航要建立新的利用民营企业,快速、灵活推动科技进步的机制。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773898;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773898;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p> </p></span></h2> <h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773893"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(三)需要注意的问题</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773893;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773894"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773894;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">敢于创新</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773894;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国民航全行业员工要有历史责任感,敢字当先,敢于创新、敢于跨越。改革开放<span lang="EN-US">30</span>年,我国的科学研究和高技术研究水平,我国的工业(包括军工)和信息产业水平和发达国家比较,虽然还有一定差距,已经有了质的飞跃,有些已经达到世界先进水平。特别是,我国航天工业总体上已经接近世界先进水平,大飞机的研发也列入国家中长期科技发展规划,并利用市场机制进入实施阶段。在此基础上,我国民航不仅可以、而且完全应该走上自主创新为主的全新发展阶段。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773895"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773895;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">治疗顽疾</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773895;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">我国民航长期严重依赖外国和一再引进国外设备,这是有一定的历史原因的。对于军、民航重大装备和核心技术来说,发达国家对于我们社会主义国家更多的是遏制和禁运,那种丢掉自力更生而寄托于国际分工的想法,是不现实的。因此长期依赖进口而不消化、不吸收、不创新的顽疾,如今切实需要治疗。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773896"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">3. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773896;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">讲求实效</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773896;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">所谓讲求实效,一是科技项目指南和立项工作要站在新的起点和新的高度上,服务于建设民航强国的战略目标;二是科技工作者要遵循道德准则,戒浮躁<span lang="EN-US">(</span>只图虚名,不付苦功<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、讲诚信<span lang="EN-US">(</span>坚决不出垃圾论文、鸡肋报告等虚假成果<span lang="EN-US">)</span>;三是力戒空耗,一旦制定战略目标,提出了口号,就要立即行动,切实保证不空转、不虚耗。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773897"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">4. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773897;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">重点突破</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773897;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">应用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">基础研究和战略性关键技术研究在增强民航自主创新能力中发挥着基础与关键的作用。应用基础研究决定一个行业的创新实力和发展后劲,战略性关键技术则是民航科技创新能力和竞争力的集中体现,是当今民航行业国际竞争的战略制高点。这应该是我国民航科技发展研究项目规划的重点。<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #00000a;"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773898"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">5. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773898;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">贵在激励</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773898;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p> </p></span></p> <h1 style="MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a name="_Toc202773899"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">三、民航科技创新的战略部署</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773899;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h1><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773900"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(一)民航科技创新战略描述</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773900;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773901"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773901;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">战略</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773901;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">国内自主研发为主、引进消化为辅的跨越式科技进步战略。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773902"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773902;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">总目标</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773902;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">到<span lang="EN-US">2020</span>年,在飞机制造、构建下一代空中交通管理系统,民航各领域信息系统,民航行业公共管理和企业管理都大大接近世界先进水平,【从现在的望尘莫及到<span lang="EN-US">2020</span>年的可望其项背】,为<span lang="EN-US">2050</span>年进入世界前列打下坚实基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773903"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">3. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773903;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">基本途径</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773903;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-para-margin-left: 3.0gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">系统规划、重点突破,<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-para-margin-left: 3.0gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">整合资源、协同运作,<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-para-margin-left: 3.0gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">集中管理、分布实施,<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-para-margin-left: 3.0gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">深化改革、消除障碍。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p><font face=""> </font></p></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773904"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(二)战略阶段划分</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773904;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2009---2020</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年共十二年。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2009---2010</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年,全面动员、系统部署、奠定基础<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2011---2015</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">腾飞阶段,关键技术装备启动,企业和政府实现管理转型<span lang="EN-US">(</span>粗放到集约,企业精细化、政府监管科学化<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,开始参与国际规则的制定,行业国际竞争力显著提高。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2016---2025</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">年,实现跨越阶段,大飞机和星基导航计划圆满完成,基本完成我国新一代航空运输系统的建设,我国标准成为国际标准之一,形成有中国特色的企业管理和政府监管模式,客货运输在世界市场有强大竞争力,通用航空完全适应社会、经济发展需要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773905"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(三)民航科技发展的主要任务</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773905;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></h2><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773906"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">1. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773906;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">厘清问题</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773906;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">差距与需求<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">需求与资源<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p> </p></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773907"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">2. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773907;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">重大专项</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773907;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #00000a; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">五个专项<span lang="EN-US">(</span>大飞机之外,新一代空中交通管理系统、数字化维修、航务与商务信息系统研究、民航运输经济研究、中国民航商业模式、民航产业政策、中国民航企业结构<span lang="EN-US">)<p></p></span></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773908"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">3. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773908;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">软科学研究</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773908;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p> </p></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773909"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">4. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773909;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">队伍培养</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773909;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p> </p></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc202773910"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="" size="5">5. </font></span></a><font size="5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773910;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">知识管理</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc202773910;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p></p></span></font></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><p> </p></span></p>
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