sangoal 发表于 2008-5-14 10:05:50

[原创]非上市企业股权激励的操作要点

<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"><font size="3">盛高咨询 董德增</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p><font face="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></p></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">随市场竞争的日益加剧,企业为吸引人才、留住人才,充分发挥人才的潜力而采取各种手段和措施,在各种手段和措施中,股权激励越来越受到企业的重视,越来越多的企业倾向于采用股权激励。但是股权激励的外部环境还不成熟,相关的制度和法规还不完善,对于上市公司而言,股价不能充分反映经营者的真实业绩。对于非上市而言,股权没有流动性,实施股权激励要考虑更多的因素,实际操作中如果不能考虑周全,则难以达到实施股权激励的预期目的。本人在长期研究股权激励理论与咨询实践的基础上对非上市企业的股权激励提出一些思考,希望能够对企业有所帮助。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">一、股权激励的一般方式及功能</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">股权激励有多种方式可以选择,这些方式可以根据企业是上市公司还是非上市公司划分为两大类。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">上市公司股权激励的方式主要有股票期权、股票增值权,其收益来源是股票的增值部分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">非上市公司的股权激励主要主要有股票赠与计划、股票购买计划、期股计划、虚拟股份、利润分享计划,其收益来源是企业的利润</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">股权工具按照功能还可以进行以下分类:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">&Oslash;<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">基本型——股票赠与计划、股票期权、股票购买计划</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">&Oslash;<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">配套型——虚拟股票、模拟股票期权、期股</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">&Oslash;<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">利润导向与价值导向混合型——股票购买计划、期股</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">&Oslash;<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">价值导向型——股票期权、模拟股票期权</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">一般而言,股权激励具有以下功能:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">激励员工——将企业与员工的利益以一种稳定、长期的方式固定下来,形成了紧密的利益共同体,有利于提高企业业绩。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">公司治理——通过员工参与管理,完善了公司治理结构。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">反收购——在员工持股企业中,员工为防止他人的恶意收购而失去工作,他们通常不会买掉他们的股票,敌意收购往往难以实现。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">二、非上市企业股权激励的操作要点</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">实践中,企业的大股东经常会有不同的困惑:有的企业要实施股权激励,但不知股权怎么给;有的企业给了股权,但却没有留住人才;有的留住了人,也没有真正形成一条心,股权激励的初衷没有实现。甚至有的企业出现这种情况:大股东准备实施股权激励,但经营却不愿意接受。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">实施股权激励要进行周密的研究与设计,要对企业的现状和被激励者进行充分的调研和沟通,做到有的放矢,如果只是简单的给股权,而忽略给股权之前的设计和给股权之后的沟通,那么股权激励则难以达到预期目的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">实施股权激励要解决好两个基本问题,一是如何给股权,二是给了股权以后,要构建所有权文化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.85pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.32;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">在如何给股权的问题上,重点要考虑以下因素:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、股份来源:原有股东如何确定出让股份的比例,因为这会影响未来公司的治理结构及公司的控制关系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、资金来源:职工直接出资、职工工资抵扣还是企业资助。这个方面要考虑被激励者的支付能力进行确定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、授予对象:授予哪些人。这个方面要考虑历史贡献者与未来创造者的差异,不同的对象给予的方式也应该有区别。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、授予条件:工龄条件、其他条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、分配比例:不同行业、不同规模、不同发展阶段企业的分配应该有所不同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、工具选择:实股、虚股、增值权等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、股权管理:是否设置转让、回购等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、交易方式:付款方式——一次付款还是分期付款。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 24pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">定价方式——平价出售还是折扣出售。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">
                                <p></p></font></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">以上这些方案要件如何设计,决不是“简单”的或随意的,而必须统筹考虑各方面的因素及被激励者的情况从而确定最佳方案。,这样设计的方案才能具有可行性,才有真正起到激励作用。(待续)</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">更多管理原创文章,请大家登录我的博客<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/sangoal">http://blog.sina.com.cn/sangoal</a></span></p>

sangoal 发表于 2008-5-14 10:06:58

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">(接上)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">所有权文化的构建主要包括以下几个方面:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">一是对被激励者人力资本的价值要有彻底的承认。人力资本有五个特点:(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)专属性(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)专用性(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)无形性(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)综合性(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">)风险性。当设计股权激励方案时必须充分考虑到人力资本的风险性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">当一个人以其人力资本出资时,他是承担风险的,由于人力资本的无形性,当其遭遇风险时其损失也是看不见的,因此,人力资本的风险性也就被人们忽视了。当人力资本与其他人的物质资本相结合组成一个经济实体时,这个实体面临两种可能,一是经营良好,各出资人按其出资份额参与剩余分配;另一种可能企业亏损,这时物质资本出资者损失的是有形的物质财产,那么人力资本出资人损失的是什么呢?他损失的是无形的人力。物质资本的的损失容易被注意到,而人力资本的损失往往容易被忽略。大股东如果忽略这一点,就会在无意之间把股权激励当做施舍,从而挫伤经营层的积极性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">二是大股东要充分认识到小股东与大股东之间对股权价值的认同是有差异的,大股东往往可以忽略分红,而小股东通常更重视每年的分红。如果长期得不到分红,小股东的股份就成了“天上的月亮”,小股东就会失去信心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">三是完善治理结构与参与管理,给予小股东充分的发言权和知情权。有的企业实施股权激励后,治理结构和决策方式却没有任何变化,企业的重要决策小股东并不知情,股东的意识建立不起来,股权激励的作用就会削弱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">四是财务公开透明,只有财务公开透明,小股东才能真正建立起信心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p><font face="">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">企业在实施股权激励的情况千差万别,只有在充分调研和周密设计的基础上才能保证股权激励的实效。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">更多管理原创文章,请大家登录我的博客<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/sangoal">http://blog.sina.com.cn/sangoal</a></span></p>

good321114 发表于 2008-5-14 10:15:35

<p>我最近也在思考股权激励的问题,希望有机会能和楼主沟通一下.您的博客我浏览了一下,做得不错,文章很专业,也挺有深度.</p>

lqkyn 发表于 2013-6-16 21:03:46

楼主专业好强!顶一下。
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