[分享]创业新思维（麦肯锡）
<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">所谓「事业开发单位」（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">new-venture unit, NVU</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），指的是专门扶植企业旗下具发展潜力的子公司或事业体，使母公司得以在全新的事业领域开疆拓土，或试销创新产品与服务的一个企业内部组织。稍加观察近年来大型企业的成长趋势，可发现企业成长的部分原因是大型企业再度体认到事业开发单位的潜力无穷。相较于专门投资企业外部创业活动的创投部门，事业开发单位本质上是在企业内部创业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">「内部创业」这个概念并不算新；早自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">70</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年代起，企业即陆续跟进以各种形式在企业内部创业。然而可口可乐、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">First Data</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、摩根大通集团（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">J. P. Morgan Chase</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）、麦当劳、梅隆金融集团（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Mellon Financial</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）、诺基亚和联合利华（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Unilever</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）等企业近来成立的事业开发单位，不论在组织架构、管理方式或业务本质上皆大为不同。现今的做法是，将事业开发单位完全独立于公司营运之外，以创业活动为重，不必承担来自业务单位的压力。同时，母公司为了让孵育中的事业有足够的动力，通常十分积极提供企业内现成的资源，例如通路和基础设施，供事业开发单位运用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">不过，上述只是理论。事业开发单位是否真能发挥其潜力？毕竟多数企业是在经济情势一片大好、创投公司成为新经济的模范生，且新创公司和自立门户的独立子公司行情一飞冲天的情况下，纷纷成立事业开发单位的。今天的大环境对风险避之唯恐不及，恐怕不会轻易买任何一种新创公司的帐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">若要简单回答上述问题，可以「新型态的事业开发单位并非一时风潮」一语带过。许多企业已注意到，这些事业开发单位尽管大多羽翼未丰，却已展现其驱动成长的实力。过去几年来，我们不仅针对超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">家已经或计划成立事业开发单位的企业进行研究，更曾与其中多家企业合作规划这个单位的运作。身负开创事业任务的先锋部队展现的成果令人抱持高度期待。朗讯科技公司（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Lucent Technologies</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1996</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年成立其事业开发单位后，已成功创立</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">35</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">家子公司，其中有三家已经由成功上市或出售给另一家公司拿到「毕业证书」。据该事业开发单位表示，其已投资资本的内部收益率（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">internal rate of return on funds invested</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">80%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">另外也有迹象显示，事业开发单位在日益壮大的企业组织中扮演更为吃重的角色，积极催化企业的创业实力。首先，大企业不易受创业人才青睐，然而事业开发单位却对这类人才有着如磁铁般的吸引力。甚者，许多招募进来的员工在公司外已建立固有人脉管道，可引介所需资金、技术和创业心得。在一家金融服务公司担任事业开发单位主管的人才，即凭恃其丰富的经验转进企业的核心事业担任和产品有关的职位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">当然，不是每一个事业开发单位的表现都那么耀眼：遥遥领先者固然有之，但也有不少停滞不前或最终落得失败收场的例子。我们发现其成败关键在于是否能慎<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">选创业活动和坚守关键原则。事业开发单位可选择的发展途径不一而足，例如：可发展该公司从未涉足的新事业；可延伸核心事业的范畴；或根据该公司的技术和实力成立新公司、将下辖部门独立出去成立公司或筹组合资企业等。事业开发单位的经理人若雄心万丈地想同时掌握这些机会，恐因以上种种组合可能带来的排挤互斥效应，以及不同的营运条件而焦头烂额。</span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">面貌一新的事业开发单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">今天大多数的事业开发单位，和七</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">O</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">、八</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">O</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">、甚至九</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">O</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年代中期成立的「前身」比较起来，相似之处几希，主要是其本质已从一手包办内部创业活动的中心转变为以响应成长需求为重的组织。此外，现在的事业开发单位擅于以前所未见的方式善加利用企业本身的优势。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">第一代的事业开发单位通常藉由举办员工研习或企划案比稿的方式，扮演激发各种创意的火车头角色。各个创意经过评估后，有发展潜力的则可获得资金挹注。初期执行计划都由公司内部人员负责主导、动员，通常也会纳入创意发想人，然而初期成果却常令人失望。企划案比稿和研习不易激荡出真正好的创意，而思考新创事业初期方向的人员，往往来自实务经验不足的研发单位，既缺乏落实创意所需的技巧，亦无法在组织内建立能有效获得所需资源的联系网络。此外，一些甫成立的新事业甚至可能不符合其母公司更宏观的成长目标，不少第一代的新创事业单位就此关门大吉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">第二代事业开发单位的面貌焕然一新，创业方法有重心、有系统。如今，多数事业开发单位隶属企业总部，直接向执行长负责，成员则是六至十名的内部与外部投资组合经理人。来自企业内部的经理人可取得高阶主管的信任，对组织有深入了解，并能动用所需资源支持最有希望成功的新商机。至于外部经理人—通常聘自投资银行、顾问公司和新创公司—则负责提供新技术和经验、外界看法，并协助该单位进入过去全然陌生的联系网络。以美隆金融集团新创事业单位营运长尼德汉（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Kit Needham</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）为例，他具有银行界的背景，另一个例子是负责可口可乐新创事业相关业务的海尔（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Steven J. Heyer</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），他过去担任过特纳广播集团（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Turner Broadcasting System</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）的总裁兼营运长。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">第一代和第二代事业开发单位还有其它相异之处。与其坐等杰出创意上门来给予资助，今天的投资组合经理人决定主动出击：在重点领域寻找绝佳创意，获得所需的事业开发技巧，以正确掌握有利可图的机会。举例来说，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Capital One Financial</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的事业开发单位已开始着手研究包括信用卡使用情形</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在内的客户资料，希望能因而获得开发新式金融商品、服务和行销联盟的好点子。同时，另一家金融服务公司的事业开发单位，也在密切注意有哪些在客户身上逐渐形成的需求，是该公司的核心事业或其它公司尚未能满足的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">现在的事业开发单位经理人发掘了一个创意，并不急于马上付诸实行；而是仔细琢磨，寻求企业内部和外部的专家建议—其发展过程较第一代事业开发单位互动更为频繁。此外，第一代的事业开发经理人倾向自内部扩张业务，他们的「后浪」则藉由小规模收购，在短期内扩充新事业的规模。</span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">此外值得注意的是，第一代的事业开发单位鼓励「大鸣大放，百花齐放」的局面，对各式各样的产品创意求之若渴；今天的事业开发单位经理人则是尝试结合相关的新创事业，创造所谓的「事业组合」。以可口可乐为例，其事业开发单位正以该公司自行发展出来的产品运送技术为基础，建立一个事业组合，其中有独家冷冻技术的新创事业，同时也试图将可口可乐自身广泛的经销网转化为未来可望为可口可乐竞争者提供服务的营利事业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">聚焦创业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">表现较佳的新一代事业开发经理人多将注意力集中在特定的创业活动上。我们的研究归纳出三大原则性策略：为公司创立新事业、发展新产品或服务以增进核心业务实力，以及善加利用智能财产，在非核心市场寻找合作伙伴，成立独立子公司。成功的经理人挑选策略的原则，着重该策略是否能符合该公司特定的成长需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">我们研究的第二代事业开发单位中，约有半数正在开发新事业。其中一家化学公司的事业开发单位，正在研究一系列的生物产品，其中任一项都可能成为新事业的发展基础。核心事业无法开展全新成长机会的公司设立的事业开发单位通常属于这一类，原因是这类公司常须因应外部威胁，企业文化倾向渐进思考，或者专注于改善内部作业流程，无暇他顾。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">有些事业开发单位开发出来的产品或服务，最终目的是要纳入既有事业的。举例来说，一家金融服务公司的事业开发单位经理人，会仔细研究可能影响金融业的长期趋势—例如社会经济的人口统计演变，以及美国社会福利制度（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">social security</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）民营化的可能性—希望能为公司的核心业务掌握</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">住可能的机会。该单位先前创立的事业已成功转卖给母公司，成为旗下业务单位的一员，也曾将新创公司的技术转移至另一业务单位。核心事业须时时注意外部竞争者抢食高获利业务大饼，以及面对实力坚强的业务单位，亟思打破单位间藩篱已寻找获利机会的公司，成立的事业开发单位多属这类。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">另外有越来越多的事业开发单位，进一步拓展企业传统的授权业务，不再是单纯的技术授权，而是和外部合作伙伴进行初期事业开发，接着尝试自所谓「石沉大海的投资」中回收更多价值。不论是出售、成立独立子公司、或筹组合资企业，他们的目标是在一至两年内获得报酬。就以一级汽车零件整合大厂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Delphi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公司为例，其事业开发单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Delphi Technologies</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">透过和一群事业育成高手合</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作，专门创立独立子公司。他们更在电信和消费性电子产品市场，将母公司专为汽车产品开发的技术商业化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">上述三大类型的事业开发单位，在寻求资源、融资方式以及如何开发公司技术能力背后的考量都不尽相同。但是，我们也发现，每五个事业开发单位就有一个单位的事业组合经理人，基于多元即优势的理念，试图同时达成多个策略目标。若事业开发单位采「混合型」做法，那么新创公司的成长速度将趋缓，甚至停滞不前，而原本应负责新创公司实际运作极有才华的员工，则倍感挫折，有些甚至选<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">择离职。</span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">更重要的一点，混合型事业开发单位经理人手中的各种事业组合，有时缺乏策略上的一致性。以某一个混合型事业开发单位为例，它师承第一代前辈的做法，鼓励创意人员「百花齐放」，却在「修剪期」面临极大困难，必须选择出售或关闭不符公司整体策略成长目标的新创事业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">另一种事业开发单位，约占我们研究对象的半数，其开发的新事业因符合事先界定的策略目标，获得所需资源及管理阶层的重视，得以领先群伦。这种所谓「重点式」的事业开发单位已开始展现具体成果，一些处于草创阶段的事业甚至已经（或将在短期内）为客户创造价值。另有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">30%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的事业开发单位因新近甫成立，尚无法准确测量其成效。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">大企业径可成立三个不同的事业开发单位，采行上述三种不同事业开发路径，确保各个开发单位采重点式的创业手法。以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Delphi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为例，辖下虽有两个各自独立的事业开发单位，回报体系却是相同的，这两个事业开发单位分别是专门与外部伙伴合作开发智能资产的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Delphi Technologies</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，以及专为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Delphi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">母公司开发新事业纳入集团体系的新市场小组（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">New Markets group</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">事业开发单位之规划</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">根据我们的经验，企业一旦考虑成立事业开发单位，就会立即想到两个问题：此一单位应该向谁报告？应该有多少人参与？单凭此种简单逻辑，这些公司在事业开发单位的作业规划方面往往因而未尽完善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">发展新业务的事业开发单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">成立事业开发单位以发展新业务的公司必须建立流程与奖励措施，确保直线经理了解并支持该单位的业务。如果企业未能善加管理技能、资产与通路，提高成功机率，则事业开发单位的计划可能就会胎死腹中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">但是在某些公司里，直线经理支持事业开发单位并未能获得任何好处，所以对于该单位所提的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">需求、拜托介绍客户，和协助建立关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">例如跟经销商打交道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">等等，也就显得意兴阑珊。相对地，经营有成的公司会有一套严谨的奖励制度，业务一旦开发成功，则事业开发单位团队与公司的主要利益关系人能雨露均沾。一家美国的大型区域医疗中心就是采用此种做法。事业开发单位获利，直线经理会受奖赏；因为配合事业开发单位而支出增加，也不会受到惩罚。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果事业开发单位发展的业务是公司陌生的领域，则需寻求外界提供技能或市场知识的支持，并助其管理财务风险。有一家公司没有遵守此一原则，它用既有的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">技能建立一个新事业，结果不出几个月就发现，产品上市所需的规模与速度，并非现有员工能力所及。朗讯科技公司的做法则截然不同。它与拥有创业知识的创投公司合作，这些公司不但带来资金，在新事业的评估、人才网络的搜寻，以及与潜在供货商、伙伴及顾客建立关系方面，也经验丰富。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">所有的事业开发单位，尤其是目的在于开创业务者，都必须定期重新评估业务组合当中，各个业务的发展潜力。这类事业开发单位的目标应该是建立成长平台，亦即在各种商机上下小赌注，期望有朝一日这些投资能发展成颇具规模的新事业。在大型企业里，新成长平台的目标在于能创造以百万计的营业收入。如果五年一过，公司仅剩下许许多多规模不大、但能赚钱的业务，那就代表事业开发单位的任务失败。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">少数成功的事业开发单位会例行地将事业加以组合或重新组合成更多主题，以测试这些事业与公司总体策略是否配合。这些事业开发单位在成长平台转变之后，会裁撤一些业务、收购别的业务，使前景看好的平台能迅速扩大规模。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">强化核心事业的事业开发单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果事业开发单位的目的在于强化核心事业，而组织因此过度倚赖其提出构想，则会有风险，因为这类事业开发单位的成立，毕竟是为了弥补组织能力不足之处。摩根大通集团的事业开发单位就避开这个陷阱，它向顾客和产业专家寻求创意，特别是网络投资银行和网络经纪业务方面的建议。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">扩大这类事业开发单位推动的业务之规模，以及将其商业化的工作，是落在核心业务单位上，所以两边的主事者从一开始就要密切合作，也就是说，业务单位提供的支持应该不只限于能力方面而已。打从塑造新业务的型态开始，就必须考量到日后与核心业务整合的问题。这两个单位的关系成败就看公司的员工配置方式而定。我们调查的其中一个事业开发单位，虽然从外面吸引了优秀的人才，为公司带来新技能，但是由于这一群人无法在公司内建立公信力，因此未能善加利用核心单位资源，使得新事业终告失败。相较而言，美隆金融公司在构想的提出、筛选和发展流程方面，就能做到鼓励事业开发单位的资深员工和公司的直线经理携手合作。不仅如此，如果没有公司内其它单位的参与，其事业开发单位也不会探索任何商机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">发挥智能财产权效能的事业开发单位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果事业开发单位的目的是要从公司的科技或能力当中开发出新事业，则这类事业开发单位的经理人会寻求产业以外人事的协助，以多加了解其它可能机会。例如宝侨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(P&G)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">公司，就借重一个产业专家网络，助其评估一种油脂替代品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> -</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">零卡油</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(Olestra)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的应用与市场，结果发现这类产品</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">化妆</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">品、蜡剂和工业废料处理上，有很大的商业潜力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">由于掌握价值的速度要快，所以这类事业开发单位绩效较佳者，也会借重外界伙伴来开发和评估构想。洛克希德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">马丁公司</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">(Lockheed Martin)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">所有有关开发新事业的活动，从招缆管理团队到建立产业关系，几乎全都委托外界的创投公司进行。举洛克希德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">马丁公司的某个新事业为例，总公司的贡献就仅止于智能财产及引介投资</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">人；其它的全由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">Milcom</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">这家创投一手包办。不过这个新事业股票公开发行之后，洛克希德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">马丁公司的股票收益价值则高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">8000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">万美元。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">核心业务单位不太需要与此类事业开发单位有任何联系，应该任由这类单位自由发挥各种技术的发展机会。有个事业开发单位就因为未能保持独立作业，结果慢如牛步，因为它还得忙于应付核心单位的不同意见</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"> -</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">核心单位认为使用外界的技术可能对公司构成威胁。为了避免这类问</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">题，福特汽车</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">就赋予智能资产小组</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">严格而言，并非是事业开发单位，但从事类似的活动</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">掌控非汽车相关应用科技的权限。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">有些公司甚至让这类的事业开发单位有独立的法人资格，使其享有不同的资本结构，管理层也有不同的激励措施，并且允许外界人士有更多的参与。例如，麦当劳和投资公司</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">Accel-KKR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">合资成立的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">eMac Digital</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">，目的是要探索电子营运的商机，但实际上是一个事业开发单位，它</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">是一家独立的公司，有自己的经营团队、董事会，和资本结构。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">想要利用事业开发单位在资本市场大捞一笔的公司会大失所望。开创新事业的技能仅限于事业开发单位，而非普遍深植于整个公司者，也会希望落空。但是那些能将事业开发单位与整个组织成长规划紧紧结合的公司，包括内部产品发展、业务开发、收购与授权，则可能会发现自己拥有另一个推动成长的引擎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p>
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