openup 发表于 2008-2-19 16:28:56

研发流程小小反思

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在软件的某项功能设计中,走了一些弯路。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">从拿到任务的那一刻起,就闷着头苦想应该上哪些功能,之后找一些相关的软件,誊写其界面。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一直到设计工作接近尾声,才突然想起来,客户需要实现的到底什么呢?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">心中很是倒嘘了一口气,幸而只是一个小软件,否则,大大做了无用功。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">直觉里,正规的流程应该是,客户需求访谈,需求分析,需求转化,需求论证,需求实现。其中实现的环节包括专业功能实现和</span><span lang="EN-US">IT</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">功能实现,而且两个环节之间,还应该有衔接性的文档。我目前做的就是进行专业功能实现(转化)并编写文档。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在没有做需求访谈和分析的情况下直接进行需求实现,所谓的转化其实是没有根据的,是空泛的,是闭门造车。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">也许因为产品的重要系数低,所以直接省略了这一步骤,也可能是前线业务部门将有相似专业背景的研发人员和客户混同,认为我们提出的方案即是客户的需求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">想起来哈佛商业评论</span><span lang="EN-US">2004</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月号的一篇文章《破译顾客内心的密码》,于是摆渡来看看。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">文中提出了一个颠覆性的观点(尽管</span><span lang="EN-US">2004</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年至今已经快一个五年计划的时间跨度了,但对于初次阅读本文的我而言,实在是新颖的观点):</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">产品的解决方案不能由顾客来决定</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">——</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">他们并非具有专业知识的专家,也缺乏足够的信息进行产品创新的设计。这部分任务应该由你的研发团队来完成。至于顾客,你只需问他们想要的结果</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">——</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">也就是新产品或新服务能为他们做什么,或者能达到什么效果。究竟以什么形式来做到这一点,只有你才有资格决定。</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">很有启发。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">尽管研发部只是公司价值链上靠近底端的一环,但接触客户或者了解客户的真实需求却并非可由可无。任何一个新产品的开始,都必须有充分的需求分析和论证过程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">而这个需求的分析过程,其关注点应该在未来产品要实现的功能,而不是形式。“它着眼于产品的使用效果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(outcomes)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">,而不是具体的解决方案</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(solutions)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">。采用该方法就意味着一个公司必须敢于承认,它并不是完全以顾客为导向的。是的,顾客的意见可以为公司提供部分信息,但是研发新产品和新服务的重任必须由公司独立承担。乍一看,这似乎并不是什么大不了的改变,但对很多公司来说,它意味着未来的市场调查和产品开发将采用与现在截然不同的方式,简而言之,它标志着战略上的根本转移。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">客户对于功能的需求是产品原创性的源头,是最具革命性的创新,而解决方案乃至形式上的创新则不那么具有颠覆性。比如,海尔早些年推出的小小神童是针对清洗夏季轻薄衣物的需求而来,这属于突破性的创新,灵感来自于客户;而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">MSN</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">8.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">版本上升到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">8.1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">版本,视觉感受更加舒适,则是渐进性的创新,完全由研发人员执掌权力而不是客户。对于标准化测验这样高专业度的产品更是如此。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">这样来表达更加清晰:你必须想方设法了解客户的真正需求,然后把这种需求转化成可用专业表达的功能,再发挥专业优势最好地实现功能,满足需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p>

openup 发表于 2008-2-19 16:32:06

<p>附《破译顾客内心的密码》原文链接:</p><p><a href="http://finance.sina.com.cn/salesconduct/20040906/18581003248.shtml">http://finance.sina.com.cn/salesconduct/20040906/18581003248.shtml</a></p>
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