[推荐]美国2008年度《总统经济报告》
<h1>美国<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年度《总统经济报告》</h1><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><op> </op></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.25pt; text-indent: -5.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">2008</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年度《美国总统经济报告》下载地址:</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.asiaing.com/the-economic-report-of-the-president-2008.html">http://www.asiaing.com/the-economic-report-of-the-president-2008.html</a>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">历年《美国总统经济报告》下载:</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/eop/download.html">http://www.gpoaccess.gov/eop/download.html</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.25pt; text-indent: -5.25pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">新华网北京</span><st1chsdate wst="on" year="2008" month="2" day="12" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日</span></st1chsdate><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">记者</span>
<span style="font-family: 宋体;">杜静</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">美国总统布什</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日签署由白宫经济顾问委员会起草的年度《总统经济报告》,并将把该报告提交国会审阅。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">布什在签署报告前举行的新闻吹风会上说,美国经济从长期来看结构稳健,但在短期内面临诸多不确定因素。他呼吁国会与白宫做出更多努力,帮助那些受到房市衰退和信贷紧缩打击的企业和个人。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">回顾</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">《总统经济报告》指出,尽管遭遇住房市场疲软、信贷市场紧缩以及能源价格高涨等不利因素,但得益于经济的灵活性、开放性以及一系列刺激经济增长政策的实施,</span><span lang="EN-US">2007</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年美国实际经济增长率仍达到</span><span lang="EN-US">2.5%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,为连续第六年实现扩张。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">报告说,去年下半年美国就业市场出现走软迹象:第三季度失业率达到</span><span lang="EN-US">4.7%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">月份更进一步升至</span><span lang="EN-US">5%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,为</span><span lang="EN-US">2005</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">月以来最高水平。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">能源价格成为主导整体通货膨胀走势的重要因素。扣除能源和食品两大类商品后,去年美国核心消费价格上涨</span><span lang="EN-US">2.4%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,低于</span><span lang="EN-US">2006</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年的</span><span lang="EN-US">2.6%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">报告认为,去年夏季以来,美国住房市场萎缩情况加剧,信贷市场也受到相当严重的干扰。但截至去年底,住房市场衰退尚未对实体经济造成显著影响。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">展望</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">尽管近期频频有经济学家预言美国经济今年将出现衰退,且多重经济数据也显示疲软迹象,但报告仍维持此前对美国经济增长的预测,即今、明两年的经济增长率将分别达到</span><span lang="EN-US">2.7%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">3.0%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">报告预计,今、明两年美国通胀压力将有所缓解,消费价格增幅分别为</span><span lang="EN-US">2.1%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">2.2%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,均明显低于去年的</span><span lang="EN-US">3.9%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。此外,今、明两年的失业率都将在</span><span lang="EN-US">4.9%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">左右,高于去年的</span><span lang="EN-US">4.6%</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">报告同时警告,美国经济要保持增长仍面临诸多考验。</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一些抵押贷款证券二级市场的萎缩以及大型金融中介机构可能发布的资产减记,都是经济扩张面临的新的下行风险。</span><span lang="EN-US">” <br/>
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">报告还对消费开支增长前景表示担忧,称金融机构严格放贷标准将导致企业和个人开支受到抑制,同时房价持续下滑导致家庭财富缩水也将限制消费开支的增长。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">经济政策</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">布什总统在当天的吹风会上说,美国国会日前批准的一揽子经济刺激计划将帮助美国经济应对短期面临的不确定性。美国国会参众两院本月</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日通过了约</span><span lang="EN-US">1680</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">亿美元的经济刺激方案,预计布什将在本周签署该方案。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">布什还呼吁将减税措施永久化。他指出,</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">除非国会</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通过立法将减税措施永久化</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,否则我们在过去</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年里实施的大部分减税措施都将被取消,将有</span><span lang="EN-US">1.16</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">亿美国纳税人的税负平均增长</span><span lang="EN-US">1800</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">美元</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">《总统经济报告》还呼吁国会通过立法,给予那些面临困境的抵押贷款购房者更多帮助。例如,通过立法给予联邦住房管理局更大灵活性,降低门槛使得更多家庭符合享受较低的优质贷款利率的条件;允许各州和地方住房管理机构发行更多免税债券以帮助困难购房者等。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">此外,布什还呼吁国会批准与哥伦比亚、巴拿马和韩国签署的自由贸易协定,称这些协定将为美国企业带来更多销售机会,扩大出口渠道和就业。</span></p>
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