hj00225 发表于 2008-2-14 17:06:10

[转帖]新企业所得税法内容解读

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">《中华人民共和国企业所得税法实施条例》(以下简称实施条例)将于<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="1" month="1" year="2008"><span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月<span lang="EN-US">1</span>日</chsdate>正式施行。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">国务院法制办、财政部、税务总局相关负责人接受记者采访,就条例的相关重点内容进行了解读。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">统一内外资企业所得税</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  工资薪金支出税前扣除</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  现行税则对内资企业的工资薪金支出扣除实行计税工资制度,对外资企业实行据实扣除制度,这是造成内、外资企业税负不均的重要原因之一。实施条例的规定统一了企业的工资薪金支出税前扣除政策,有利于构建公平的市场竞争环境。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">职工福利费和工会经费</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">方面,实施条例继续维持了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">以前的扣除标准</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">但将<span lang="EN-US">“</span>计税工资总额<span lang="EN-US">”</span>调整为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>工资薪金总额<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,扣除额也就相应提高了。在职工教育经费方面</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,为鼓励企业加强职工教育投入,实施条例规定,除国务院财税主管部门另有规定外,企业发生的职工教育经费支出,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">不超过工资薪金总额<span lang="EN-US">2.5</span>%的部分,准予扣除;超过部分,准予在以后纳税年度结转扣除。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">农林牧渔业有税收优惠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  谷物等项目可免所得税</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  为扶持农、林、牧、渔业发展,企业所得税法对其实行税收优惠,该法第二十七条规定,企业从事农、林、牧、渔业项目的所得可以免征、减征企业所得税。实施条例进行了明细。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  企业从事下列项目的所得,免征企业所得税:蔬菜、谷物、薯类、油料、豆类、棉花、麻类、糖料、水果、坚果的种植;农作物新品种的选育;中药材的种植;林木的培育和种植;牲畜、家禽的饲养;林产品的采集;灌溉、农产品初加工、兽医、农技推广、农机作业和维修等农、林、牧、渔服务业项目;远洋捕捞。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  企业从事下列项目的所得,减半征收企业所得税:花卉、茶以及其他饮料作物和香料作物的种植;海水养殖、内陆养殖。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">引导企业投资基础设施</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  环保项目<span lang="EN-US">“</span>三免三减半<span lang="EN-US">”</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  为引导企业投资基础设施和环境保护项目,企业所得税法对相关项目实行税收优惠政策。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  企业从事港口码头、机场、铁路、公路、城市公共交通、电力、水利等项目投资经营所得,自项目取得第一笔生产经营收入所属纳税年度起,给予<span lang="EN-US">“</span>三免三减半<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的优惠。企业从事公共污水处理、公共垃圾处理、沼气综合开发利用、节能减排技术改造、海水淡化等项目的所得,自项目取得第一笔生产经营收入所属纳税年度起,给予<span lang="EN-US">“</span>三免三减半<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的优惠。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">促进技术创新科技进步</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  税收优惠涉及多个方面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  为了促进技术创新和科技进步,企业所得税法规定了多个方面的税收优惠,实施条例分别作了具体规定:<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  一个纳税年度内,居民企业技术转让所得不超过<span lang="EN-US">500</span>万元的部分,免征企业所得税;超过<span lang="EN-US">500</span>万元的部分,减半征收企业所得税。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  企业所得税法第三十条规定,企业开发新技术、新产品、新工艺发生的研究开发费用,可以在计算应纳税所得额时加计扣除。实施条例据此明确,企业的上述研究开发费用在据实扣除的基础上,再加计扣除<span lang="EN-US">50</span>%。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">认定高新技术企业强化研发</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  优惠向自主创新型企业倾斜</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  企业所得税法规定,符合条件的小型微利企业,减按<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>的税率征收企业所得税。国家需要重点扶持的高新技术企业,减按<span lang="EN-US">15%</span>的税率征收企业所得税。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  借鉴国际通行做法,按照便于征管的原则,实施条例规定了小型微利企业的标准:(一)工业企业,年度应纳税所得额不超过<span lang="EN-US">30</span>万元,从业人数不超过<span lang="EN-US">100</span>人,资产总额不超过<span lang="EN-US">3000</span>万元;(二)其他企业,年度应纳税所得额不超过<span lang="EN-US">30</span>万元,从业人数不超过<span lang="EN-US">80</span>人,资产总额不超过<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>万元。与现行优惠政策(内资企业年应纳税所得额<span lang="EN-US">3</span>万元以下的减按<span lang="EN-US">18%</span>的税率征税,<span lang="EN-US">3</span>万元至<span lang="EN-US">10</span>万元的减按<span lang="EN-US">27%</span>的税率征税)相比,优惠范围扩大,优惠力度有较大幅度提高。实施条例将高新技术企业的界定范围,由现行按高新技术产品划分改为按高新技术领域划分,规定产品(服务)应属于<span lang="EN-US">“</span>国家重点支持的高新技术领域<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的范围。同时,实施条例还在高新技术企业的认定上强化以研发比例为核心,以确保税收优惠重点向自主创新型企业倾斜。</span>
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