Jenianzhan 发表于 2007-12-12 16:41:14

[转帖]Anelda AB的Cash Value Added[CVA,现金增值]

<p>现金增值(Cash Value Added)模型处理的仅为公司的现金帐项,即EBITD、营运资金及非战略投资, 这三项之和就是公司的<b>营运现金流(<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">Operating Cash Flow</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OCF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">)</span></b>。 <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OCF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">通常被用来和公司的</span><b>营运现金流量需求(<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">Operating Cash Flow Demond</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OCFD</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">)</span></b>作比较, <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OCFD</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">反映了公司投资战略对现金流的要求,即资本成本(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">Cost of Capital</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">)。</span><br/>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>现金帐项的资本机会成本</h3><p>不同于用百分比来衡量投资资本的机会成本,<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">模型把资本的机会成本在现金帐项反映了出来,</span><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OCF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">与</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OCFD</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">的差值即为</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">。</span> 用<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">来量度一段时期内的现金流量是超出还是低于投资需求,是一个非常的财务测量方法,</span> 它可以用于公司内部任一层面,各项战略投资的<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">之和就是公司的总</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">值。</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>CVA与<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">MVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">比较</span></h3><p>不同于市场导向的测量模型,如<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 1;">MVA[市场增值]</span> , CVA能够以公司内部的SBU为单位进行测量计算。 </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>也不同于证券,<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">是一个流动的过程,它可以被用来评估一段时期内的公司表现。</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>CVA与EBI<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">T</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">比较</span><br/>&nbsp;</h3><p>不同于会计利润量度手段,如EBIT[息税前利润],净收入及EPS[每股盈利], CVA是一个经济量度手段,它考虑的是公司资金流量必须要同时满足运营成本和资本成本。 </p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">CVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &Euml;&Icirc;&Igrave;&aring;;">的公式</span><br/>&nbsp;</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 销售</p><p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 成本</p><p>------------------------------------------------------</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 营业盈余</p><p>+&nbsp;&nbsp; 营运资本</p><p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 非战略投资</p><p>------------------------------------------------------</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 1;">营运现金流</span><br/>&nbsp;</p><p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 营运现金流量需求</p><p>------------------------------------------------------</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 现金增值</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p class="S">参考书: Andrew Black - Questions Of Value - <img height="10" alt="" src="file:///D:/决策评估/7.files/amazon-search.gif" width="33" border="0"/></p>
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