清风徐来 发表于 2007-10-22 09:47:51

荀子 劝学篇

<DIV>非常喜欢这篇文章</DIV>
<DIV>讲的是实践的重要性</DIV>
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<DIV><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">君子曰:学不可以已</SPAN>。青、取之于蓝,而青于蓝;冰、水为之,而寒于水。木直中绳,輮以为轮,其曲中<SPAN class=GramE>规</SPAN>,虽有<SPAN class=GramE>槁</SPAN>暴,不复挺者,輮使之然也。故木受绳则直,金就<SPAN class=GramE>砺</SPAN>则利,君子博学而日参省乎己,则知明而行无过矣。故不登高山,不知天之高也;不临深溪,不知地之厚也;不闻先王之遗言,不知学问之大也。干、越、夷、貉之子,生而同声,长而异俗,教使之然也。诗曰:“<SPAN class=GramE>嗟</SPAN>尔君子,无恒安息。靖共尔位,好是正直。神之听之,<SPAN class=GramE>介</SPAN>尔景福。”神莫大于化道,<SPAN class=GramE>福莫长于</SPAN>无祸。</SPAN>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  <SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">吾尝终日而思矣,不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而望矣,不如登高之博见也</SPAN>。登高而招,臂非加长也,而见者远;顺风而呼,声非加疾也,而闻者彰。假<SPAN class=GramE>舆</SPAN>马者,非利足也,而致千里;假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河。君子生非异也,善假于物也。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  南方有鸟焉,名曰蒙<SPAN class=GramE>鸠</SPAN>,以羽为巢,而编之以发,系之苇<SPAN class=GramE>苕</SPAN>,风至<SPAN class=GramE>苕</SPAN>折,<SPAN class=GramE>卵破子</SPAN>死。巢非不完也,所系者然也。西方有木焉,名曰射干,茎长四寸,生于高山之上,而临百<SPAN class=GramE>仞</SPAN>之渊,木茎非能长也,所立者然也。蓬生麻中,不扶而直;白沙在<SPAN class=GramE>涅</SPAN>,与之俱黑。<SPAN class=GramE>兰槐之</SPAN>根是为<SPAN class=GramE>芷</SPAN>,其渐之<SPAN class=GramE>滫</SPAN>,君子不近,庶人不服。其质非不美也,<SPAN class=GramE>所渐者</SPAN>然也。<SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">故君子居必择乡,游必就士,所以防邪辟而近中正也。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  物类之起,必有所始。荣辱之来,必<SPAN class=GramE>象</SPAN>其德。肉腐出虫,鱼枯生<SPAN class=GramE>蠹</SPAN>。怠慢忘身,祸灾乃作。强自取柱,柔自取束。邪秽在身,怨之所构。<SPAN class=GramE>施薪若一</SPAN>,火就燥也,平地若<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>,水就湿也。草木<SPAN class=GramE>畴</SPAN>生,禽兽群焉,物各从其类也。是故质的张,而弓矢至焉;林木茂,而<SPAN class=GramE>斧斤至焉</SPAN>;树成荫,而众鸟息焉。<SPAN class=GramE>醯</SPAN>酸,而<SPAN class=GramE>蚋</SPAN>聚焉。故言有招祸也,行有招辱也,君子慎其所立乎!</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  积土成山,风雨兴焉;积水成渊,蛟龙生焉;积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉。故不积蹞步,无以致千里;不积小流,无以成江海。骐骥一跃,不能十步;驽马十驾,功在不舍。锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。螾无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也。<SPAN class=GramE>蟹八跪</SPAN>而二<SPAN class=GramE>螯</SPAN>,非蛇蟺之穴,无可寄托者,用心<SPAN class=GramE>躁</SPAN>也。<SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">是故无冥冥之志者,无昭昭之明;无<SPAN class=GramE style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">惛惛</SPAN>之事者,无赫赫之功</SPAN>。行衢道者不至,<SPAN class=GramE>事两君者</SPAN>不容。目不能两视而明,耳不能两听而聪。螣蛇无足而飞,<SPAN class=GramE>梧鼠五技</SPAN>而穷。诗曰:“尸<SPAN class=GramE>鸠</SPAN>在桑,其子七兮。淑人君子,其仪<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>兮。其仪<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>兮,心如结兮。”故君子结于一也。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  昔者<SPAN class=GramE>瓠</SPAN>巴鼓<SPAN class=GramE>瑟</SPAN>,而<SPAN class=GramE>流鱼出</SPAN>听;<SPAN class=GramE>伯牙鼓琴</SPAN>,而六马仰<SPAN class=GramE>秣</SPAN>。<SPAN class=GramE>故声无</SPAN>小而不闻,行无隐而<SPAN class=GramE>不</SPAN>形。玉在山而草木润,<SPAN class=GramE>渊生珠而崖</SPAN>不枯。为善不积邪,安有不闻者乎!</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  <SPAN class=GramE>学恶乎</SPAN>始?恶乎终?曰:其数则始乎诵经,终<SPAN class=GramE>乎读礼</SPAN>;其义则始乎为士,终乎为圣人。<SPAN class=GramE>真积力</SPAN>久则入。学<SPAN class=GramE>至乎没而后</SPAN>止也。<SPAN class=GramE>故学数</SPAN>有终,若其义则不可须臾舍也。为之人也,舍之禽兽也。故书者、政事之纪也;诗者、中声之所止也;礼者、法之大兮,类之纲纪也。<SPAN class=GramE>故学至</SPAN>乎礼而止矣。夫是<SPAN class=GramE>之谓道德</SPAN>之极。礼之敬文也,乐之中和也,诗书之博也,春秋之微也,在天地<SPAN class=GramE>之间者毕矣</SPAN>。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  君子之学也,入乎耳<SPAN class=GramE>,着</SPAN>乎心,布乎四体,<SPAN class=GramE>形乎动静</SPAN>。端而言,蝡而动,<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>可以为法则。小人之学也,入乎耳,出乎口;口耳之间,则四寸耳,<SPAN class=GramE>曷</SPAN>足以美七尺之躯哉!古之学者为己,今之学者为人。君子之学也,以美其身;小人之学也,以为禽<SPAN class=GramE>犊</SPAN>。故<SPAN class=GramE>不问而告谓</SPAN>之傲,问<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>而告二谓之<SPAN class=GramE>囋</SPAN>。傲、非也,<SPAN class=GramE>囋</SPAN>、非也;君子如向矣。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  学莫便乎近其人。礼乐法而不说,诗书故而不切,春秋约而<SPAN class=GramE>不</SPAN>速。方其人之<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:***arttags" /><st1:PersonName style="BACKGROUND-POSITION: left bottom; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(res://ietag.dll/#34/#1001); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x" tabIndex=0 ProductID="习" w:st="on">习</st1:PersonName>君子之说,<SPAN class=GramE>则尊以遍</SPAN>矣,周于<SPAN class=GramE>世</SPAN>矣。故曰:学莫便乎近其人。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  学之经莫速乎好其人,隆礼次之。上不能好其人,下不能隆礼,安特将学杂识志,顺诗书而已耳。则末世穷年,不免<SPAN class=GramE>为陋儒而已</SPAN>。将原先王,本仁义,<SPAN class=GramE>则礼正</SPAN>其经纬蹊径也。若<SPAN class=GramE>挈</SPAN>裘领,<SPAN class=GramE>诎</SPAN>五指而顿之,顺者不可胜数也。不道礼宪,以诗书为之,<SPAN class=GramE>譬</SPAN>之犹以<SPAN class=GramE>指测河</SPAN>也,以戈<SPAN class=GramE>舂黍</SPAN>也,以<SPAN class=GramE>锥餐壶</SPAN>也,不可以得之矣。<SPAN class=GramE>故隆礼</SPAN>,虽未明,<SPAN class=GramE>法士也</SPAN>;<SPAN class=GramE>不</SPAN>隆礼,虽察辩,<SPAN class=GramE>散儒也</SPAN>。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  问<SPAN class=GramE>楛</SPAN>者,<SPAN class=GramE>勿告也</SPAN>;告<SPAN class=GramE>楛</SPAN>者,勿问也;说<SPAN class=GramE>楛</SPAN>者,勿听也。有争气者,勿与辩也。故必由其道至,然后接之;非其道则避之。故礼恭,而后可与言道之方;辞顺,而后可与言道之理;色从而后可与言道之致。故未可与言而言,谓之傲;可与言而不言,谓之隐;不观气色而言,谓<SPAN class=GramE>瞽</SPAN>。故君子不傲、<SPAN class=GramE>不</SPAN>隐、不<SPAN class=GramE>瞽</SPAN>,<SPAN class=GramE>谨顺其身</SPAN>。诗曰:“匪交匪舒,天子所予。”此<SPAN class=GramE>之</SPAN>谓也。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  百发失<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>,<SPAN class=GramE>不足谓</SPAN>善射;千里蹞步不至,<SPAN class=GramE>不足谓善</SPAN>御;伦类不通,仁义不一,<SPAN class=GramE>不足谓</SPAN>善学。学也者,固学<SPAN class=GramE>一</SPAN>之也。一出焉,一入焉,<SPAN class=GramE>涂巷之</SPAN>人也;其善者少,不善者多,桀纣盗<SPAN class=GramE>跖</SPAN>也;全之尽之,然后学者也。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #690e00">  君子知夫不全不粹之不足以为美也,<SPAN class=GramE>故诵数以</SPAN>贯之,思索以通之,为其人以处之,除其害者以持养之。<SPAN class=GramE>使目非是</SPAN>无欲见也,使口非是无欲言也,使心非是无欲虑也。<SPAN class=GramE>及至其致好</SPAN>之也,目好之五色,耳好之五声,口好之五味,心利之有天下。是故权利不能倾也,群众不能移也,天下不能荡也。生乎由是,死乎由是,夫是<SPAN class=GramE>之</SPAN>谓德操。德操然后能定,能定然后能应。能定能应,夫是<SPAN class=GramE>之</SPAN>谓成人。天见其明,地见其光,君子贵其全也。</SPAN></P></DIV>
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