21世纪不动产培训教程10
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">第四节</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">中西建筑风格概述</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">随着改革开放,各种特色的建筑如雨后春笋般在中华大地上耸立起来。从建筑风格上来看,有新颖、豪华的现代建筑风格、独树一帜的中国建筑风格以及西式建筑风格等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">一、中式建筑特点:</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、组群分布,主次分明,富有节奏感</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">。在中轴线上采取横向构图,把重要的建筑物布置在中轴线上,次要的建筑则对称地列于中轴线两侧。结构以“间”为单位,构成单座建筑,再以单座建筑组成庭院,进而以庭院为单位组合成各种形式的组群。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、讲究色彩的搭配。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">中国的建筑具有浓郁的地域特色,但不管是什么地方,都很讲究色彩的搭配,如江南水乡的白墙、黑瓦、与山明水秀的自然环境相融合。而北方的建筑物多色彩浓艳,对比强烈,如红墙黄瓦的北京故宫,红色的院墙,金光闪闪的屋顶,配上蔚蓝色的天空作背景,强烈的对比,给人留下深刻的印象。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、装饰具有多样性:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">中式建筑物的窗是装饰的重点。窗的形状有方、圆、椭圆、花形、扇形、多角形等,窗中的格纹及种类更是多得无法统计。如被誉为“古民居博物馆”的安徽黟县西递村中,举目皆是用青灰色石料雕制而成的漏窗或花窗,多姿多彩,将一栋动楼舍装点得古朴典雅。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">4</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、建筑物具有明显的等级规定:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">一般可从建筑物的屋顶式样和檐来区别。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">庑殿式建筑</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">:最高级,只有皇家重要建筑、宫殿或大殿才使用。它是四面斜坡、一正脊、四斜脊。屋面略有弧度、屋角、屋檐向上翘起。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">歇山式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">采用四面坡和二面坡的结合,即东西两侧的屋面上部转折成垂直的三角形,下部仍为斜坡。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">攒尖式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">平面是圆形或多边形,上为锥形的屋顶。多见于坛、阁、亭、塔之顶。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">悬山式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">屋面双坡,两侧伸出于山墙之外。有正脊一条和垂脊</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">条。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">硬山式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">规格最低,两侧山墙同屋面齐平或略高于屋面。屋脊同悬山式。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: 幼圆"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">一、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt ''"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">西式建筑风格特点:</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">1</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、罗马式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">罗马式建筑兴起于公元九世纪至十五世纪,是欧洲基督教堂的主要建筑形式之一。罗马式建筑线条简单明确,造型重厚、敦实,其中有一部分最有封建城堡的特征,是教会威力的化身。如天津老西开教堂,它的平面呈长十字形,正面和后部耸立高大的塔楼</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">座。楼座以黄、红花砖砌成,上砌翠绿色圆肚形顶,檐下为半圆形拱窗,色彩对比鲜明。堂内为三通廊式,内墙彩绘壁画,装饰华丽。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、哥特式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">哥特式建筑也是欧洲中世纪的主要建筑风格之一。哥特式建筑与罗马式建筑造型稳重、线条圆浑的风格恰恰相反,它以动式取胜,统贯全身、直刺苍穹的垂直线条,锋利的尖顶是其主要特征,是超凡入胜的宗教情绪的集中表现。如黑龙江哈尔滨市的南岗尼古拉教堂,为哥特式全木结构的建筑,它的外表是两根交叉曲线复杂结合,线条轻快的尖拱形拱门,内部具有庞大的空间,顶上是巨大的苍隆,光线通过彩色玻璃窗射入,变作血红、紫石英和黄玉的华彩,造成一种向上的、天国的神秘幻觉,从而突出上帝的至高无上的权威。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、复兴时期的建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">此类建筑是十五世纪至十七世纪流行欧洲的建筑风格。其造型上排斥象征神权至上的哥特式建筑风格,以人体美的对称、和谐为其意表。如矗立在上海外滩的浦东发展银行大楼,大理石外墙,古典式圆柱、半圆形拱穹,以拱穹为中心的对称的建筑形式,显示出庄重、华贵、典雅的审美趣味。建筑物的内顶及回音壁上有展示宗教故事的作品,表现了文艺复兴时期所提倡的人文主义思想。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">4</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、巴洛克式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">巴洛克式建筑,着意追求在建筑空间组合中产生复杂变化的效果。如上海和平饭店,就具有巴洛克式建筑风格。它圆形屋顶,柱子很多,在不同的光线下产生各种明暗变幻。色彩运用也十分大胆,以红色和白色为主调。更值得注意的是窗子,不仅式样多,而且呈现波浪式曲线,使整个建筑物充满了活力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">5</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、西式现代建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">以新型的高层摩天大厦为代表。这些高楼大厦以钢筋混凝土、钢材、玻璃、塑料、预制构件为材料,采取与基本结构体系无关的建筑物内部空间分割法,强调材料本身的质感和比例的美。如深圳的国际贸易大楼,它高</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:***arttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="160" UnitName="米"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">160</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">,有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">53</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">层楼面。外形线条简洁、明快、挺拔流畅,象征着这座新型城市的开拓精神。大厦设有观光电梯,即使是在乘坐电梯的片刻也能欣赏到室外风光。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">6</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、庭院式建筑:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">是指运用几何图形,把古代传统的建筑艺术与现代化的最新技术巧妙地融合在一起,建造成各种自成体系、独具风格的庭院式建筑物。如北京香山饭店是庭院式建筑物的代表。这座拥有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">325</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房间的大饭店,因山就势,由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">座式样不同的斜顶楼群构成,最低的一层楼高,最高的只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">层。屋顶采用中国式的歇山式顶、悬山式顶、硬山式顶、墙面上的窗子仿照中国江南的花窗、漏窗建造。灰瓦白墙,色彩淡雅别致,多走廊,拥有精巧的庭园,充满了江南书卷气息。它的内部设施却很现代化,如溢香厅,上用透明玻璃顶,充分运用电脑、空调、光感应等新技术。走进饭店,江南秀气扑面而来;踏入房间,又能得到最现代化的享受。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: 幼圆"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">二、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt ''"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">中西合璧</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">把西式建筑风格和中式建筑风格揉和在一起所建造的建筑物,如坐落在上海西区的龙柏饭店就是典型。它的外形运用参差不齐的几何图形组成。主楼周围是一片绿色的大草坪,上面有数只白色的躺椅,供旅客休憩。主楼旁还建有水池、静中有动,生机盎然。大楼的北侧,有一幽静小道通向“小村”。在“小村”中,有许多栋小巧别致的日本式乡村别墅,充满了东方情调。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">第五节</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">建筑识图</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">学会识别、使用建筑剖面图、平面图、立面图、及水、电、暖图。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">第三章</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房地产交易</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">第一节</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房地产价格</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">一、房地产价格的特点:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房地产价格与一般物价既有共同之处,也有不同的地方。共同之处是:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">都是价格,用货币表示;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">都有波动,受供求等因素的影响;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">按质论价,优质高价,劣质低价。房地产价格与一般物价的不同,表现出房地产价格的特征。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房地产价格的特征主要有下列四个:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">1</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、房地产价格既可表示为代价的价格,同时也可表示为使用和收益代价的租金</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房地产价格与租金的关系,犹如本金与利息的关系。若要求取价格,只要能把握纯收益和资本化率,依照收益法将纯收益资本化即可。相反,若要求取租金,只要能把握价格及期待的资本化率,即可求得。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">2</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、房地产价格实质上是房地产权益的价格</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">由于房地产的自然地理位置有不可移动性,结果其可以转移的并非是房地产实物本身,而是有关该房地产的所有权、使用权或其他权益,所以房地产价格实质上是这些无形的权益的价格。房地产的实物状态与其权益状况并不总是一致的。因此,房地产估价与对房地产权益的了解、分析之间有密切关系是必然的。由于每种权益均会影响价格,同一宗房地产转移的权益不同,估价结果也会不同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、房地产价格是在长期考虑下形成的。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">一宗房地产通常与周围其他宗房地产构成某一地区,但该地区并非固定不变,尤其是社会经济位置经常在不断变化,所以房地产价格是考虑该房地产过去如何使用,将来能作何种使用,总结这些考虑结果后才能形成房地产的今日价格(或某特定时间的价格)。在估价时,应密切注意把握今日的价格为昨日的展开、明日的反映这一事实。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">4</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、房地产现实价格一般随着交易的必要而个别形成,交易主体间的个别因素容易起作用</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">这是由于不可移动性、数量固定性、个别性等土地的自然特性,使房地产不同于一般物品。一般商品可以开展样品交易、品名交易,其价格可以在交易市场上形成。而房地产则不能搬到一处作比较,要认识房地产,只有亲自到所在地观察。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">二、房地产价格的种类:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">进行房地产估价,必须弄清楚房地产价格的种类和每一种房地产价格的确切含义。不同的房地产价格,其所起的作用不尽相同,评估的原则、依据和考虑的因素也不尽相同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">1</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、市场价格、理论价格、评估价格</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''">A</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">市场价格</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">房地产的市场价格,简称市价,是房地产交易双方的实际成交价格。它是已经完成了的事实。这种价格通常随着时间、供求关系的变化及交易双方的心态、偏好、素质的不同而经常波动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">市场价格可分为公平市价和非公平市价。公平市价,是指交易双方在正常情况下的成交价格,不受一些不良因素,如不了解市场行情、垄断、强迫交易等的影响。这个价格对交易双方来说也是经济合理的。反之则为非公平市价。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 幼圆; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">公平市价又可以说是卖方只按其要求的价格出售,买方只按其愿付的价格购入,卖方认为是最高价而买方认为是最低价,双方均认为该项交易对己有益而自愿成交所形成的价格。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 幼圆; mso-bidi-font-family: ''"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
页:
[1]