zzy10508 发表于 2007-9-2 21:53:20

[求助]cmk的计算

各位家人,请教你们有谁知道CMK的计算方法的,请告知小弟,谢谢!(有些家人说需要25组的数据,而有些又说不能少于100组,到底是怎么样的?最好有具体的算法,谢谢。可以发到<a href="mailto:pangver@chinaren.com">pangver@chinaren.com</a>或加QQ13889564

一千七百年 发表于 2007-9-3 21:49:35

CMK是什么,只听说过CPK!

jasoncjh 发表于 2007-10-30 14:57:59

<p>具体请与我联系:<a href="mailto:TONGQIANGZHANG@163.COM">TONGQIANGZHANG@163.COM</a></p><p>&nbsp;</p>

yuanlong1980 发表于 2008-5-7 11:30:05

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这是一个以<span lang="EN-US">SMT(</span>电子行业贴片作业的过程):<span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/></span>当今产品的普遍趋势是小型化,同时又要增加性能和降低成本,这不可避免地导致在<span lang="EN-US">SMT</span>所有领域中的更大的工艺开发。例如,高性能贴装系统的用户希望供应商有新的发展,从而可以大大增加贴装产量,同时又提高贴装精度。就贴装的最重要方面:贴装精度而言,用户都希望所规定的设备参数值可以维持几年不变。这些规定的值通常作为机器能力测试<span lang="EN-US">(MCT, machine capability test)</span>的一部分,在供应商自己的地方为贴装机器的客户进行检验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">: P3 U! Z. O; ]: |" U: K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/>MCT</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">工艺<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  贴装系统的标准偏差和标称值的平均值偏差,是贴装精度的两个核心变量,作为<span lang="EN-US">MCT</span>的一部分进行测量。<span lang="EN-US">MCT</span>是以下列步骤进行的:首先,将某个最少数量的玻璃元件贴装在一块玻璃板上的粘性薄膜上。然后使用一部高精度测量机器来测定所有贴装的玻璃元件在<span lang="EN-US">X</span>,<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>和<span lang="EN-US">θ</span>上的贴装偏差。测量机器然后计算在有关位置轴<span lang="EN-US">X</span>,<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>和<span lang="EN-US">θ</span>上的贴装偏移<span lang="EN-US">(</span>标称值的平均值偏差<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;L3 `6 R% N; }# \&nbsp;&nbsp;w5 ^. Q, i- l&nbsp;&nbsp;}</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  在图一中以图形代表的<span lang="EN-US">MCT</span>结果得到如下的核心贴装精度值:<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>标准偏差<span lang="EN-US"> = 8 &micro;m<br/></span>贴装偏移<span lang="EN-US"> = 6 &micro;m<br/></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  通常,我们可以预计贴装偏差符合正态高斯分布,允许变换到更宽的统计基数,如<span lang="EN-US">3</span>或<span lang="EN-US">4σ</span>。对于经常使用的统计基数,上述指定的贴装系统具有<span lang="EN-US">32&micro;m</span>的精度。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">六西格玛品质论坛<span lang="EN-US">/ K/ |' V5 W$ M: f</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  将导出的精度与所要求的公差极限相比较,则可评估机器对于一个特殊要求的可适用性。机器能力指数<span lang="EN-US">(cmk, machine capability index)</span>已经被证明是最适合这一点的。它通常用来评估机器的工艺能力<span lang="EN-US">(process capability)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  一旦上限<span lang="EN-US">(USL, upper specification limit)</span>与下限<span lang="EN-US">(LSL, lower specification limit)</span>已经定义,<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>可用来计算贴装精度。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  由于极限值一般是对称的,我们可以用简化的规格极限<span lang="EN-US">SL=USL=-LSL</span>进行计算,如图一所示。<span lang="EN-US"><br/>cmk=&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>规格极限<span lang="EN-US">-</span>贴装偏移<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;3x</span>标准偏差<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3SL-&micro;&nbsp;&nbsp;3σ<br/></span>  以下的<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>结果是针对图一所提出的条件和客户所定义的<span lang="EN-US">50&micro;m</span>规格极限。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"># k% Z7 ]; ~&nbsp;&nbsp;s. W( q. ?2 r&nbsp;&nbsp;u% t0 l</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/>cmk=&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SL-&micro;&nbsp;&nbsp;3σ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (50-6)&micro;m&nbsp;&nbsp;24&micro;m&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =1.83</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">质量<span lang="EN-US">-SPC ,six sigma,TS16949,MSA,FMEA--(20</span>万质量人注册<span lang="EN-US">)+ Z, J6 @: d1 g" Y$ a5 G! T</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  因此,<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>评估贴装位置相对于三倍的标准偏差值的分散与平均偏差<span lang="EN-US">(</span>贴装偏移<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">bbs.6sq.net* Q* {8 A# g8 u</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  在实际中,我们怎样处理统计变量<span lang="EN-US">σ</span>、<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>和百万缺陷率<span lang="EN-US">(DPM, defects per million)</span>?在今天的电子制造中,希望<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>要大于<span lang="EN-US">1.33</span>,甚至还大得多。<span lang="EN-US">1.33</span>的<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>也显示已经达到<span lang="EN-US">4σ</span>工艺能力。<span lang="EN-US">6σ</span>的工艺能力,是今天经常看到的一个要求,意味着<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>必须至少为<span lang="EN-US">2.66</span>。在电子生产中,<span lang="EN-US">DPM</span>的使用是有实际理由的,因为每一个缺陷都产生成本。统计基数<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、<span lang="EN-US">4</span>、<span lang="EN-US">5</span>、<span lang="EN-US">6σ</span>和相应的百万缺陷率<span lang="EN-US">(DPM)</span>之间的关系如下:<span lang="EN-US"><br/>3σ = 2,700 DPM4σ = 60 DPM5σ = 0.6 DPM6σ = 0.002DPM<br/></span>  这里是其使用的一个实际例子:在一个要求最大封装密度的应用中<span lang="EN-US">(</span>如,移动电话<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,对于<span lang="EN-US">0201</span>元件的贴装精度要求可能是<span lang="EN-US">75&micro;m</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">( Y8 F" T) J' B( O2 g) [/ H/ Q</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  第一种情况:我们依靠供应商所规定的<span lang="EN-US">75&micro;m/4σ</span>的贴装精度。在这种情况中,我们希望在一百万个贴装中,不多于<span lang="EN-US">60</span>个将超出<span lang="EN-US">±75&micro;m</span>的窗口。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">5 w&amp; i&nbsp;&nbsp;}* v2 w" `</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  第二种情况:<span lang="EN-US">MCT</span>基于某一规格极限产生<span lang="EN-US">1.45</span>的<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>。因为<span lang="EN-US">1.33</span>的<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>准确地定义一个<span lang="EN-US">4σ</span>工艺,我们可以预计得到由于贴装偏差产生的缺陷率低于<span lang="EN-US">60 DPM</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">: Y" `. b# g! s2 T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">贴装偏移的优化<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  在<span lang="EN-US">SMT</span>生产工艺中,如果怀疑在印刷电路板上的整个贴装特性由于外部机械的影响而已经在一个特定方向移动太多,那么贴装设备必须重新校正。因此这个贴装偏移必须尽可能地减少。有大量贴装系统的表面贴装元件<span lang="EN-US">(SMD)</span>电子制造商以类似于<span lang="EN-US">MCT</span>的方法进行贴装偏移的优化,并使用其它的测量机器。在相关位置轴<span lang="EN-US">X</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>和<span lang="EN-US">θ</span>上得到的贴装偏移结果手工地输入到贴装系统,用于补偿的目的。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  下面描述的是结合在贴装机器内的一种贴装偏移优化方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">; n% `* [3 |&amp; N/ o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  这里想法是要在贴装系统上允许运行一个类似的测量程序,该程序通常是<span lang="EN-US">MCT</span>的一部分。目的是,机器找出在<span lang="EN-US">X</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>和<span lang="EN-US">θ</span>上的贴装偏移,然后以一种不再发生偏移的方式使用。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  整个过程是按如下进行的:尽可能最大数量<span lang="EN-US">(</span>如<span lang="EN-US">48)</span>的玻璃元件使用双面胶带贴装在玻璃板上。每一个玻璃元件在其外边缘上都有参考标记。在板上也有参考标记,紧邻元件的参考标记<span lang="EN-US">(</span>图二<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">6 W7 \2 o9 F- R" Z&amp; X; ~, r5 d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">0 r6 ^6 R! w3 }&nbsp;&nbsp;?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  在贴装之后,用<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>相机马上拍出板上和元件上相应的参考标记的四张连续的照片。然后把通过评估程序计算出的和用户接受的<span lang="EN-US">X</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>和<span lang="EN-US">θ</span>贴装偏移传送到有关的机器数据存储区域。再没有必要使用传统的手工位移输入。由于该集成的方法使用了相对测量而不是绝对测量,位置精度与贴装系统的动态反应不会反过来影响结果的质量。只有<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>相机的图象分辨率和质量才是重要的。因此这个所描述的专利方法具有测量机器的特性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">bbs.6sq.net$ y) }6 E; c7 h8 ?2 T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  下面的例子显示<span lang="EN-US">1.33</span>的<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>可以怎样使用集成的贴装偏移优化来提高至<span lang="EN-US">1.92</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">( N9 D1 o% \7 r: r- e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  假设如下初始条件:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">质量<span lang="EN-US">-SPC ,six sigma,TS16949,MSA,FMEA--(20</span>万质量人注册<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><shape id="图片_x0020_3" alt="http://bbs.6sq.net/images/smilies/default/smile2.gif" type="#_x0000_t75" ospid="_x0000_i1027" style="VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 12pt; HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-wrap-style: square;">
                                        <imagedata otitle="smile2" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\SPC\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif"></imagedata></shape></span><span lang="EN-US">o8 X7 K7 R1 H0 Q0 V</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  <span lang="EN-US">SL = 50 &micro;m<br/></span>  标准偏差<span lang="EN-US"> = 8 &micro;m<br/></span>  贴装偏移<span lang="EN-US"> = 18 &micro;m</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">bbs.6sq.net/ f' `2 G, q+ ]" R4 f) R* e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  原始<span lang="EN-US"> cmk:<br/>cmk=&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SL-&micro;m&nbsp;&nbsp;3σ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (50-18)&micro;m&nbsp;&nbsp;24&micro;m&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =1.33<br/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US">,six sigma,TS16949,MSA,FMEA--(20</span>万质量人注册<span lang="EN-US">), B# `0 ]. n9 j( c</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">六西格玛品质论坛<span lang="EN-US">' l% Z* ?, d+ K0 w&amp; d- t4 u</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">将贴装偏移减少到,比如说,<span lang="EN-US">4&micro;m</span>如图三所示,那么<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>的值将有很大改善。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  贴装偏移优化之后的<span lang="EN-US">cmk</span>:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">5 ^- n: O1 O* ]&nbsp;&nbsp;r/ y</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/>cmk=&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SL-&micro;m&nbsp;&nbsp;3σ&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (50-4)&micro;m&nbsp;&nbsp;24&micro;m&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =1.92<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">  安装在生产线中的贴片机可以升级到尽可能最高的贴装精度,而不需要复杂的、昂贵的和通常难买到的测量机器。或多或少通过简单按下优化过程的按钮,该贴装系统就转换成一部高精度测量机器。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt; COLOR: #ecf2e6; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">- W- K$ J) X&amp; O( c5 ~8 O</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p>

ledans 发表于 2008-11-9 17:53:36

CMK算法

<p>CMK:设备能力指数。德国人比较看重这个指数,一般用在以下几个地方:大型设备验收与维修完成后。</p><p>1.算法同PPK或CPK。</p><p>2.连续抽样,抽样数不少于50EA.</p><p>3.设备在同样的条件下运行如气压,温度等。</p><p>4.测量的参数应是同一LOTNO。不同于CPK抽样。</p>

一千七百年 发表于 2008-11-14 14:07:12

原来如此!

lmouse 发表于 2008-11-15 20:20:18

学习了,谢谢.
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