oktony365 发表于 2007-7-13 19:09:34

[推荐]向小马里奥特学习倾听

<p>看看万豪集团创始人的后代是如何管理酒店的,请家人欣赏、学习。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">向小马里奥特学习倾听</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">小马里奥特(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">J.W. Marriott, Jr.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)是万豪国际酒店集团(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">Marriott International</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">)的董事长和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">CEO</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,是创始人老马里奥特的儿子。和父亲一样,他喜欢走动式管理,以四处巡视旗下酒店为乐事。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">他有一次巡视一家酒店,注意到顾客对餐厅女招待的服务评分不高。他问经理问题出在哪里,经理说不知道。但是,小马里奥特注意到了经理不安的身体语言,接着问女招待的待遇是多少。得到回答之后,他接着问为什么待遇比市场标准低。经理说:加薪要总公司决定,而他不想提出来。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">对话不过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">秒,但是小马里奥特发现了三个严重的问题:第一,总公司管得太多。第二,高层重视利润胜过顾客满意度。三,经理不敢提加薪要求,说明他的上级是糟糕的倾听者。当然,小马里奥特解决了所有三个问题。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">这个例子是关于怎么做决策的完美案例,可以用来说明管理大师彼得·杜拉克指出的决策的第一个要素:确实了解问题的性质,真正特殊的、偶发的问题是很少的;如果问题是经常性的,那就要通过建立规则或原则的决策来解决。小马里奥特正是如此,从一个看似特殊的、偶发的事件中,发现了三个经常性的问题。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">但是在小马里奥特看来,这更是一个关于倾听的案例。他说:“我所做的,只是改变这位经理什么都不说的习惯,并且告诉他,有人愿意倾听他的问题——这是他的上级主管显然不愿意做的事。”小马里奥特很重视倾听,也善于倾听。作为倾听式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">CEO</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,他至少有十点经验值得其他经理人学习。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一、倾听基层员工。小马里奥特习惯直接联络各个部门、各个层级,直接倾听员工的声音,而不是依靠资深员工的汇报和听报告。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">二、倾听对方的身体语言。要从身体语言中,发现对方想要隐藏的信息。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">三、善用自己的身体语言,表示自己对正在谈论的主体很有兴趣,不要目光游离,或者不耐烦地敲着铅笔。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">四、保持适当的沉默。“事实上,要自己不开口,让别人一直说,尤其别人说的老是言不及义,那实在是一种折磨。然而,这个技巧一定要学。”保持适当的沉默,还意味着不要太早表示自己已经作了决定,让员工可以无拘无束地讨论。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">五、不要以迷人的表达方式,来判断信息是否准确。小马里奥特手下有位口才极佳的主管,善于把错误的推断说得悦耳动听、合乎逻辑。小马里奥特终于发现:“一个人能言善辩、善于表达,并不表示他的想法都正确。相反,有些人内向害羞、不善言谈,他的话可能值得一听。”</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">六、不要选择性倾听。想听好消息、忽略坏消息是人之常情,小马里奥特也犯过这个错误。在上个世纪八十年代末,酒店业的过度扩张已经很严重,但是小马里奥特盲目自信,只把注意力放在正面的消息上,对于负面消息则装聋作哑,最终付出了惨痛代价。小马奥特总结说:“选择性倾听,几乎和完全不倾听一样糟糕。”</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">七、要主动倾听,也就是说,要提问。同上级不愿意有不愿意听坏消息的天性一样,下级有报喜不报忧和多一事不如少一事的天性。因此,经理人要学会提问。“这个技巧队高层主管特别重要(董事长、总经理),这些人因为位高权重,通常与资浅的员工不那么亲密。”小马奥特推荐问这样一个具有神奇效力的问题:“你认为呢?”</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">八、倾听顾客。“在万豪,我们依靠顾客告诉我们,哪些做对了,哪些做错了。这是确定我们是否提供他们所想要的服务的唯一方法。”比如,酒店以前为了美观都尽量把插座隐藏起来。通过调查商务旅客,万豪发现插座需要调整:随着笔记本电脑的流行,商务旅客希望房间里的插座要看得见,而且要随手够得着。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">倾听顾客是来自老马里奥特的优良传统。万豪最早是开餐厅的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">1937</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年,老马里奥特在巡视机场附近的餐厅时,发现很多乘客买三明治和热咖啡带走。通过询问顾客,老马里奥特发现了关键所在:乘客喜欢在飞机上吃东西。于是,万豪找到美国东方航空公司合作,开始了提供航空食品的业务。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">九、化倾听为行动。听到问题之后,要解决问题,不管是顾客的问题,还是员工的问题。这才是倾听的本意。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">十、要知道什么时候该停止倾听。到了某个时候,必须停止辩论和收集事实,要根据已经拥有的信息来做出决定。</span><font face=""><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">小马里奥特认为:知道什么时候停止倾听,是测试公司整体倾听技巧的关键时刻。显然,小马里奥特不仅自己倾听,还在打造公司整体的倾听能力。善于倾听的小马里奥特,带领善于倾听的万豪,进入了被管理大师吉姆·柯林斯在《基业长青》一书中赞誉的“高瞻远瞩的公司”的行列,跟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="">IBM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、通用电气、花旗银行、迪斯尼、索尼等公司排列在一起。</span></p><p></p>

lmrabbit12 发表于 2007-7-13 20:02:53

<p>恩,不管在管理中还是生活中,特别与人交往中,要善于倾听。</p>
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