[转帖]四大因素影响玩具出口发展
<p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 玩具是我国出口支柱商品之一，在国外各大商场货架上的玩具，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">70%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">的中低档产品来自我国，而其中的</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">70%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">又来自广东。据海关统计，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2006</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年，广东省共出口玩具</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">48.1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">亿美元，较</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年增长</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">5.9%</span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。与此同时，有四大因素也影响着我国玩具出口的进一步扩大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><a title="" href="http://www.isoyes.net.cn/SA8000/3050.html"><font face="宋体"></font></a><a title="" href="http://www.isoyes.net.cn/SA8000/3050.html"></a><p></p></span></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><a title="" href="http:///" target="_blank"></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 因素一：成本上升，迫使玩具生产企业缩小生产规模</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 作为劳动力密集型产业，玩具生产成本主要集中在原材料的采购和劳动力工资这两方面。石油价格的一路攀升，包括塑料等下游产品的价格也水涨船高；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"> “</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">民工荒</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">成为热门话题，导致玩具企业为此付出的代价就是对每位员工的支出成本上升。特别是国际玩具工业理事会于</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2002</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年提出了</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><a href="http://www.isoyes.net.cn/SA8000/List_23.html"><span style="BACKGROUND: white;"><font color="#000000">ICTI</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">认证，为通过</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.isoyes.net.cn/SA8000/List_23.html"><span style="BACKGROUND: white;"><font color="#000000">ICTI</font></span></a></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">认证，玩具生产厂商在设备改造、提高工人工资、改善劳动福利等方面投入的成本比认证前提高了约</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">20%~30%</span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">。生产成本的上升，导致玩具生产利润骤减。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 因素二：市场过于集中以及因此带来的贸易壁垒问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 广东玩具最大出口市场为美国，自</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2003</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年，美国玩具销售连续第三个年头走下坡，这是广东玩具最大的不利因素。同时，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2006</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年初，美国禁止含木质人造圣诞树进口，使广东玩具出口雪上加霜。第二大市场欧盟也在不断提高进入市场准入门槛，从</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">月</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">13</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">日起实施《报废电子电气设备指令》征收回收费，输欧盟电子、电动玩具的出口成本因此增加</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">15%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">左右；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">2005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">月</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">日，欧洲议会通过禁止在玩具制造中使用邻苯二甲酸盐，它令</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">1999</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">年以来实行的暂行规定得到强化、永久化，使用代用品增加成本</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">4</span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">倍多。在其他市场上，俄罗斯颁布一系列措施限制中国玩具进口；墨西哥宣布继续对我国玩具征收反倾销税。受到主要贸易伙伴对我国玩具不断设置壁垒和提高安全标准的影响，广东省玩具出口规模大大受限。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 因素三：产品开发能力弱，缺乏具有自主知识产权的品牌目前</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">OEM</span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">仍是我国玩具业的主要经营模式，然而，随着国际玩具市场格局和国内产销环境的变化，自主品牌缺失的弊端越来越显现。加工贸易占比重过大，自主开发能力不足；销售渠道主要依赖国外中间商，核心竞争力弱；自有品牌缺失，名牌少；利润空间缩小，这些都是目前我国玩具业面临的最大挑战。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 因素四：传统玩具受到网络游戏和游戏机玩具的冲击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 网络游戏及游戏机玩具的盛行，成为国际市场传达给中国企业</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">传统玩具不再受欢迎</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">”</span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的最大信号。我国部分传统玩具缺乏高科技因素，一味依靠低成本进军国际市场，导致主要市场欧、美、日等缺乏兴趣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 从以上分析看出，我国玩具产业必须要向规范、自主研发和高科技方向发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> 玩具企业要努力按照国际玩具的安全、质量标准和产品标识等方面的要求组织生产，积极采用国内外的先进技术和管理方法，走质量效益型发展道路，全面提高企业的竞争力，不断开拓国际市场。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></font></p><p style="BACKGROUND: white; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体"> 自主研发和高科技是玩具业再发展的最好出路。玩具已经不再是孩子的专利，很多玩具设计日趋智能化，机电和科技含量增高，适合不同年龄阶层的消费需求。玩具厂商有意识地把经营策略逐步转移到价值链的其他环节，比如市场营销、产品研发等，通过提高玩具产品的含金量，降低原料、人工费用在产品价格中所占比重，增强玩具产品的竞争力，促进我国玩具产业由劳动密集型向技术、资金密集型转变，使我国真正实现从出口大国转变为出口强国。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;"><p></p></span></p>
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