linlindeng 发表于 2007-6-12 11:17:40
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">中小企业实施精益生产探究(二)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">现代企业竞争的核心是人,我国中小企业想要实现基业长青,其实也是要靠发挥人的作用,而不是靠增加硬件的投入来实现的。现在的市场竞争的核心主要是在成本,质量,交货期,服务这几个方面。通过实施精益生产可以在这几个方面得到很大的改善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">但是中小企业实施精益所面临的主要困难是什么呢?以及如何克服这些困难呢?我们分别对中小企业实施精益的面临的主要困惑一一进行分析,给大家一个参考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 29.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 29.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face="">1</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face=""> </font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">精益的推行是否特别难,学不会,操作不起来。其实精益的核心理念是很简单的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">-</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">就是创造价值和消除浪费。在实际应用的方法上没什么特别难的地方,其基础是传统的工业工程方法。比如说,作业研究,时间研究,流程图等方法,并不需要很深的学历背景,一个技术员,用上两三次,就能基本独立使用。我培训过几百名组长,技术员这一级的员工,一般三个月就能对常用的分析方法基本掌握了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 29.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 29.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face="">2</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face=""> </font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">精益的投入是否很大。实施精益的核心是要在不增加投入的基础上提高生产率,降低成本,缩短交货期。在硬件上的投入实际上很小,但是要求大家要花时间在改善上。这里也有个误区,认为花了时间,成本就增加了,其实每个员工的工作中,真正能产生价值比率从精益的角度来看的并不大,我们何不把通过消除浪费所节省下来的时间用在改善上来呢。从成本上来看,并不会增加总人工成本,但是每个人创造价值的时间却上升了。对企业来说,是个一本万利的事。并且通过提高质量,降低成本,缩短交货期还可以为企业争取更多的订单。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 29.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 29.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face="">3</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face=""> </font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">中小企业的人员素质低,在推行上达不到要求。其实员工的素质才是真正制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。若不解决不了这个问题,中小企业短命现象也没办法改善。实施精益是要求全员参与的改善活动,通过实施精益,员工的技能,意识都能得到很大的提高。其实并不是说人的素质提高了才能实施精益,而是可以通过实施精益能很大程度上提升员工的素质。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p>linlindeng 发表于 2007-6-12 11:18:40
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 29.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 29.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face="">4</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face=""> </font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">员工流动率高怎么样办。很多企业的员工流程流动率高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">30%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">甚至高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">50%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">。其员工流动高,对企业的成本影响是很大的。从学习曲线来说,一个员工要达到他最大生产率时,要经过一段成长期。若一个企业流动率高,比如说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">30%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,意味着企业总是有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">30%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">人在成长期,他们的生产率没充分发挥出来。并且,企业在成长期的员工比率增大,导致在品质上,管理上还会产生其它费用,这样产生更大的间接成本。其实这个问题同样可以用精益的方法解决。先通过了解员工辞职的原因,做出拍拉图分析,再针对每一项去改善,员工流动率就会得到很大的改善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 29.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 29.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face="">5</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face=""> </font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">精益要求企业投入大量的资源,中小企业资源有限难以支持。其实精益对硬件投入要求是不多的,最主要还是时间的投入,当然还要有正确的方法。精益其实是个收益率的很高投资,这也是为什么很多企业通过推行精益使企业得到跳跃性发展,从而进入世界五百强行列的原因所在。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 29.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; tab-stops: list 29.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face="">6</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: '';"><font face=""> </font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">企业自行推行有难度,又担心请外部专家成本很高。精益的方法里面有很多隐性的知识和技能,光看看书听听课是学不会精益的,这是得到普遍证实的事实。有个精益专家,能指出个正确方向,达到事半功倍的效果。当然精益专家的主要任务是传授企业的技能和知识,而不是亲自去解决问题。具体执行过程中是需要企业担起自已的责任的。在精益实施顺利的企业无不是有个好的精益专家反指导,加上企业的密切配合实现的。从效果上,请外部精益专家有着很好的性价比,往往实际产生的年收益是对顾问投入的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">10</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">倍以上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">综上所述,中小企业实施精益生产是个正确的选择,能够在增加很少投入的资源下,为企业创造出很好的效益。而实际情况确是如此,一般的企业在推行精益后,能在半年到一年的时间里,就能取得生产率提高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">30%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,库存减少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">50%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">,企业的利润提高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><font face="">10%</font></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">的收益。因此,中小企业要在现在的激烈竞争的市场环境中生存下来,实施精益生产是个必须选择的道路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><p></p></span></p>Yorky 发表于 2008-2-11 22:56:14
期待楼主继续.
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