本帖最后由 trybestying 于 2012-6-25 16:36 编辑
序:最近因工作需要,了解云计算和数据中心建设相关的资料,发现英文资料居多,且没有译文。因此打算看这本书时顺手翻译成中文,以供将来同行的朋友们查阅。随后,我会相继翻译并发布。必竟不是专业翻译且英语水平有限,有翻译不当的地方,请朋友们多指正,谢谢。
The Datacenter as a Computer An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines
Contents
chapter 1 第一章 Introduction 介绍 The ARPANET is about toturn forty, and the World Wide Web is approaching its 20th anniversary. Yet theInternet technologies that were largely sparked by these two remarkablemilestones continue to transform industries and our culture today and show nosigns of slowing down. More recently the mergence of such popular Internetservices as Web-based email, search and social networks plus the increasedworldwide availability of high-speed connectivity have accelerated a trend towardserver-side or “cloud”computing. 阿帕网格快要满四十岁,而万维网也接近20周年,然而,互联网技术的这两项显著里程碑,在很大程度上引发并继续改造行业和当今文化,并且丝毫没有放缓的迹象。近年来出现的比较流行的基于互联网技术的WEB邮件,搜索,社交网络 促使全球高速互联技术的快速发展,并日渐呈服务端或云计算发展的趋势。 Increasingly,computing and storage are moving from PC-like clients to large Internetservices.While early Internet services were mostly informational, today manyWeb applications offer services that previously resided in the client,including email, photo and video storage and office applications. The shifttoward server-side computing is driven primarily not only by the need for user experienceimprovements, such as ease of management (no configuration or backups needed)and ubiquity ofaccess (a browser is all you need), but also by the advantages it offers tovendors. Software as a service allows faster application development because itis simpler for software vendors to make changes and improvements. Instead ofupdating many millions of clients (with a myriad of peculiar hardware andsoftware configurations), vendors need only coordinate improvements and fixesinside their datacenters and can restrict their hardware deployment to a fewwell-tested configurations.Moreover, datacenter economics allow many application services to run at a lowcost per user. For example, servers may be shared among thousands of activeusers (and many more inactive ones), resulting in better utilization.Similarly, the computation itself may become cheaper in a shared service (e.g.,an email attachment received by multiple users can be stored once rather than manytimes). Finally, servers and storage in a datacenter can be easier to managethan the desktop or laptop equivalent because they are under control of asingle, knowledgeable entity. 很快的,存储和计算从PC客户端向互联网服务端转移,早期,互联网服务大多只是咨询信息,当下很多原来安装在PC客户端的应用都实现了基于WEB方式的互联网服务,如邮件,照片,视频存储,办公应用等。这种各服务端计算转变的趋势不仅是由于用户对服务体验的提升,如易管理(不再需要配置和备份),随处访问(仅需要一个浏览器),而且更是给服务提供商们提供堵多的优势,软件做为一种服务被允许快速的应用和开发出来,因为软件提供商能够更容易的进行软件的变更和改进,而不用更新数百万的客户端(无数怪异的硬件以及软件配置),软件提供商只需要协调改良和修复内部数据中心,而且能够限定硬件部署到几个有限的充分测试过的环境中。此外数据中心经济学使得许多应用服务能够低成本/每用户运行,例如服务器可能在成千上万的活动用户之间共享(有更多的非活动用户),导致更好的利用率,同样的,计算本身在共享服务中可能变得更便宜(例如,被多用户接受的邮件附件只需要存一次而非多次)。 最后,在数据中心的服务和存储比起台式或便携设备更容易管理,因为是在单一、智慧的实体控制下的。 Someworkloads require so much computing capability that they are a more natural fitfor a massive computing infrastructure than for client-side computing. Searchservices (Web, images, etc.) are a prime example of this class of workloads,but applications such as language translation can also run more effectively onlarge shared computing installations because of their reliance on massive-scalelanguage models. 有些工作负载需要如此多的计算能力,以至于他们更自然的适合巨型计算基础设施而非客户端计算。搜索服务(网页,图片等)是此类工作负载最好的例子,但是类似语言翻译此类的应用因为依赖大规模的语言模式同样需要更高效的运行在在大型共享计算环境中。 The trendtoward server-side computing and the exploding popularity of Internet services has created anew class of computing systems that we have named warehouse-scale computers,or WSCs. The name is meant to call attention to the most distinguishingfeature of these machines: the massive scale of their software infrastructure,data repositories, and hardware platform. This perspective is a departure froma view of the computing problem that implicitly assumes a model where oneprogram runs in a single machine. In warehouse-scale computing, the program isan Internet service, which may consist of tens or more individual programs thatinteract to implement complex end-user services such as email, search, or maps.These programs might be implemented and maintained by different teams ofengineers, perhaps even across organizational, geographic, and companyboundaries (e.g., as is the case with mashups). 服务器端计算的趋势和互联网服务的爆炸流行,成就了一个新类的计算系统,我们称之为仓储级电脑或wscs。这个名字是为了呼吁人们关注这些机器最显著的特点:大规模的软件基础设施,数据仓储和硬件平台。这一观点有别于计算问题隐式地假定在单一机器中运行的模式,在仓储级计算中,程序做为互联网服务可能包括数十或更多的程序交互以实现复杂终端用户的服务如电子邮件,搜索和地图。这些程序可能初不同的工程团队,甚至跨组织跨地区,跨公司界限实现和维护(如mashups就是一个实例)。 The computingplatform required to run such large-scale services bears little resemblance to apizza-box server or even the refrigerator-sized high-end multiprocessors thatreigned in the last decade. The hardware for such a platform consists ofthousands of individual computing nodes with their corresponding networking andstorage subsystems, power distribution and conditioning equipment, andextensive cooling systems. The enclosure for these systems is in fact abuilding structure and often indistinguishable from a large warehouse. 计算平台运行所需的这种大规模的服务 不象过去十年中的一个比萨饼盒大小的服务器或甚至冰箱大小的高端处理器所能支配的,对于这样一个平台的硬件由成千上万的独立计算节点以及与之相应的网络和存储子系统、配电和空调设备,广泛的冷却系统组成。外形实际是一建筑结构,经常被识别为一个大型仓库。
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