[转帖]铁锹研究
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 84.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">1898</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">年，泰勒在匹斯连钢公司发现以下现象：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">当时，不管铲取铁石还是搬运煤炭，都使用铁锹进行人工搬运，雇佣的搬运工动不动达五六百名。优秀的搬运工一般不愿使用公司发放的铁锹，宁愿使用个人拥有的铁锹。同时一个是基层干部要管理五六十名搬运工，且所涉及的作业范围又相当广泛。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 84.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">在一次调查中，泰勒发现搬运工一次可铲起</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">又</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">1/2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">磅（约</span><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1.6" unitname="公斤" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">1.6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">公斤</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">）的煤粉，而铁矿石则可铲起</span><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="38" unitname="磅" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">38</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">磅</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">（约</span><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="17" unitname="公斤" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">17</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">公斤</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">）。为了获得一天最大的搬运量，泰勒开始着手研究每一锹最合理的铲取量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 84.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">泰勒找了两名优秀的搬运工用不同大小的铁锹做实验，每次都使用秒表记录时间。最后发现：一锹铲取量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">21</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">又</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">1/2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">镑（约</span><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="公斤" wst="on"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">公斤</span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">）时，一天的材料搬运量为最大。同时也得出一个结论，在搬运铁矿石和煤粉时，最好使用不同的铁锹。此外，还展开生产计划，以改善基层管理干部的管理范围。进一步的，还设定了一天的标准工作量，对超过标准的员工，给予薪资以外的补贴，达不到标准的员工，则要进行作业分析，指导他们的作业方式，使他们也能达到标准。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 84.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">结果，在三年以后，原本要五六百名员工进行的作业，只要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="">140</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">名就可以完成，材料浪费也大大降低。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p> </p><p>该贴来自群组：<a href="http://bbs.21manager.com/GroupIndex-844-1.html" target="_blank"><font color="#ff0000"><b>深圳IE</b></font></a></p>
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