[分享]唐诗《咏风》
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">王勃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">●</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">咏风</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 肃肃凉风生，加我林壑清。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 驱烟寻涧户，卷雾出山楹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 去来固无迹，动息如有情。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 日落山水静，为君起松声。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 宋玉的《风赋》云：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">夫风者，天地之气，溥畅而至，不择贵贱高下而加焉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">本篇所咏的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">凉风</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">，正具有这种平等普济的美德。炎热未消的初秋，一阵清风袭来，给人以快意和凉爽。你看那</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">肃肃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">的凉风吹来了，顿时吹散浊热，使林壑清爽起来。它很快吹遍林壑，驱散涧上的烟云，使我寻到涧底的人家，卷走山上的雾霭，现出山间的房屋，无怪乎诗人情不自禁地赞美它</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">去来固无迹，动息如有情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">了。这风确乎是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">有情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">的。当日落西山、万籁俱寂的时候，她又不辞辛劳地吹响松涛，奏起大自然的雄浑乐曲，给人以欢娱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 诗人以风喻人，托物言志，着意赞美风的高尚品格和勤奋精神。风不舍昼夜，努力做到对人有益。以风况人，有为之士不正当如此吗？诗人少有才华，而壮志难酬，他曾在著名的《滕王阁序》中充满激情地写道：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">无路请缨，等终军之弱冠；有怀投笔，慕宗悫之长风。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">在这篇中则是借风咏怀，寄托他的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">青云之志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">。宋计有功《唐诗纪事》称此诗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">最有余味，真天才也</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">，这大概就是其</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">余味</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">之所在了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> 此诗的着眼点在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">有情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">二字。上面从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">有情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">写其加林壑以清爽，下面复由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">有情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">赞其</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">为君起松声</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">。通过这种拟人化的艺术手法，把风的形象刻画得栩栩如生。首句写风的生起，以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">肃肃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">状风势之速。风势之缓急，本来是并无目的的，但次句用了一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">字，就使之化为有意的行动，仿佛风疾驰而来，正是为了使林壑清爽，有意急人所需似的。下面写风的活动，也是抓住</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">驱烟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">卷雾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">起松声</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">等风中的动态景象进行拟人化的描写。风吹烟雾，风卷松涛，本来都是自然现象，但诗人用了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">驱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">寻</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">为君</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">等字眼，就把这些自然现象写成了有意识的活动。她神通广大，犹如精灵般地出入山涧，驱烟卷雾，送来清爽，并吹动万山松涛，为人奏起美妙的乐章。在诗人笔下，风的形象被刻画得维妙维肖了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';"> （阎昭典）</span></p>
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