[转帖]元曲《骤雨打新荷》
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-ｃｏｕｎｔ: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">元·元好问<span lang="EN-US"><br/> <br/><br/></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">绿叶阴浓，遍池亭水阁，偏趁凉多。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">海榴初绽，朵朵蹙红罗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">乳燕雏莺弄语，有高柳鸣蝉相和。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">骤雨过，琼珠乱撒，打遍新荷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">人生百年几何，念良辰美景，休放虚过。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">穷通前定，何用苦张罗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">命友邀宾玩赏，对芳樽浅酌低歌。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">且酩酊，任他两轮日月，来往如梭。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">［注释］</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">①</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">海榴：即石榴。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">②</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">罗：即纱罗。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">③</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">张罗：料理与筹划。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">④</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">芳樽：精美的酒杯。此处指代美酒。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><b>［赏析］</b><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">上曲写盛夏纳凉，流连光景大赏心乐事。主写景。看他铺叙的层次，可说是渐入佳境：作者先用大笔着色，铺写出池塘水阁的一片绿荫，并以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">偏趁凉多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">四个字，轻轻点出夏令。然后在此万绿从中，点染上上朵朵鲜红如罗的石榴花，令读者顿觉其景照眼欲明，进而，写鸟语蝉鸣。而这鸟，专指</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">乳燕雏莺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，是在春天诞生，此时刚刚孵出的新雏，其声稚嫩娇软而可喜。那蝉儿想必也是刚出蝉蜕，踞高柳而长鸣。在这一片新生命的合唱中，池塘水阁平添生趣。到此，作者妙笔生花，在热列、喧闹的气氛中，特意安排了一场骤雨。这雨决非杀风景，它是过路的阵雨，给盛夏带来凉意，又替画面作了润色。这骤雨持续时间不长，却刚好打遍新荷，那景致，恰如后来吴敬梓描绘的：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一阵大雨过了，那黑云边上镶着白云，渐渐散去，透出一派阳光出来，照耀的满湖通红。湖里有十来支荷花，苞子上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。（《儒林外史》第一回）那不是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">琼珠乱撒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的写照么？真是人在画图中。此乃曲中一段绝妙好辞，无怪一时传播。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">下曲即景抒怀，宣扬浅斟低唱，及时行乐的思想，调子是低沉的，又是旷达的。在用笔上，作者一洗上片的丹青色彩，换作白描抒写。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">良辰美景</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">句总括前文，言如此好景，应尽情欣赏，不使虚过。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">穷通前定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（命运的好坏乃前世注定）是一种宿命的说法，作者这样说，旨意在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">何用苦张罗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">即反对费尽心机的钻营。这种旷达的外部，仍掩盖不住内心的苦闷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">命友邀宾玩赏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">二句，谓人生乐趣在于流连光景、杯酒，这是从六朝以来，封建士大夫在无所作用之际典型的人生态度。因为光阴似箭，日月如梭，会使他们感动心惊，而沉浸在酩酊大醉中，庶几可以忘怀一时，取得片刻麻醉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">此曲写法与词相近，这是因为在宋元之交，词、曲均称为乐府，都是被诸管弦，传与歌宴的，所以早期的词曲分疆并不严格。《莲子居词话》卷二认此曲作词调，就是这个缘故。具有词味，也可算是此曲的一个特点。</span></p>[此贴子已经被作者于2008-10-31 13:02:37编辑过]
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