法約爾一生的四個階段
<pre style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: mediumblue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p> </p></span></b></pre><h2 align="center" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體;">法約爾一生的四個階段<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">現代經營管理之父</span><span lang="EN-US">--</span><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亨利</span><span lang="EN-US">·</span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">法約爾（</span><span lang="EN-US">Henri Fayol</span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">，</span><span lang="EN-US">1841-1925</span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">）</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p> </p></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">第一階段，<span lang="EN-US">1860—1872</span>年間的十二年。</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 在這一階段，法約爾作為一個等級較低的管理人員和技術人員，主要關心的是採礦工程的事情，特別是防止火災危險的事。在此期間，他於<span lang="EN-US">1866</span>年被任命為科芒特裡礦井礦長；<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">第二階段，<span lang="EN-US">1872—1888</span>年的十六年</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 在這個階段，他被提升為經理，領導一批礦井。他主要考慮的是決定這些礦井的經濟情況的因素。這樣，他不僅要從技術方面考慮，更要從管理和計劃方面考慮，促使他對管理進行研究；<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">第三階段，<span lang="EN-US">1888—1918</span>年的三十年</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US">1888</span>年，當公司處於破產邊緣時，他被任命為總經理，並按照自己關於管理的思想和理論對公司進行了改革和整頓，關閉了一些經濟效益不好的冶金工廠，並吸收資源豐富的新礦來代替資源枯竭的老礦，他於<span lang="EN-US">1891</span>年吸收布列薩克礦井，<span lang="EN-US">1892</span>年吸收了德卡斯維爾的礦井加工廠並把新的聯合公司命名為康曼 包公司。<span lang="EN-US">1900</span>他吸收了東部煤區的萊得萊維爾礦井，並剋服了種種困難，把原來瀕於破產的公司整頓得欣欣向榮。在第一次世界大戰期間，他領導的公司為戰爭提供了大量資源。公司培養了一批管理、技術和科學上的骨幹力量，當法約爾<span lang="EN-US">75</span>歲退休時，該公司已能在財務和經營上立於不敗之地，至今仍是法國中部最大的採礦和冶金集團的一部分。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">第四階段，<span lang="EN-US">1918—1925</span>年的七年</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 在科芒特裡公司工作期間，法約爾就開始了管理的研究工作。<span lang="EN-US">1900</span>年，他向<span lang="EN-US">“</span>礦業和冶金協會<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的會議提交了論行政管理的論文，開始系統地闡述他 的行政管理的思想。在<span lang="EN-US">1908</span>年的礦業學會五十周年大會上，他提交了論文《論管理的一般原則》；<span lang="EN-US">1916</span>年，他在礦業學會公報上，發表了著名的管理著作<span style="COLOR: black;">《工業管理與一般管理》</span>。 從<span lang="EN-US">1918</span>年退休後到<span lang="EN-US">1925</span>年去世這段時間里，法約爾致力於普及自己的管理理論。在這時期，他主要從事兩項工作。第一項是創辦一個管理學研究中心。這個中心每周都要舉行一次有作家、哲學家、社會活動家、工程師、政府官員和實業界人士參加的會議。法約爾的許多權威著述都是在這裡逐步形成的。第二項工作是試 圖說服政府對管理原則多加註意。<span lang="EN-US">1921</span>年，他的《論郵電部門行政改革》的小冊子出版；同年他在《政治與國會評論上》上發表了一篇題為《國家在管理上的無 能》的重要論文。<span lang="EN-US">1923</span>年在布魯塞爾舉行第二次國際管理科學會議，法約爾是這次會議的領導之一。在<span lang="EN-US">1924</span>年國際聯盟代表大會期間，他接受了一項邀請，嚮日內瓦國際大學聯合會發表了題為<span lang="EN-US">“</span>管理要義的重要性<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的演說。<span lang="EN-US">
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[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-19 16:41:16编辑过] <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">法约尔系列文章目录</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p><font face=""> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">無為似水：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://jimmydeng.folo.cn/"><font face="">http://jimmydeng.folo.cn/</font></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face=""> </font></span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; 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mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p><font face=""> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">亨利·法約爾簡介</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139710,0,0,0,0,0,0"><font face="">http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139710,0,0,0,0,0,0</font></a><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">法約爾一生的四個階段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139712,0,0,0,0,0,0"><font face="">http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139712,0,0,0,0,0,0</font></a><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">法約爾的一般管理理論</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139713,0,0,0,0,0,0"><font face="">http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139713,0,0,0,0,0,0</font></a><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">法約爾</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font face="">14</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">項管理原則</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139717,0,0,0,0,0,0"><font face="">http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139717,0,0,0,0,0,0</font></a><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="COLOR: #404040; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-ascii-font-family: ''; mso-hansi-font-family: '';">法約爾的五大管理職能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><a href="http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139721,0,0,0,0,0,0"><font face="">http://www.21manager.com/dispbbs.asp?n=147,139721,0,0,0,0,0,0</font></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p><font face=""> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p><font face=""> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><p><font face=""> </font></p></span></p>
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