阳关三叠 发表于 2007-9-3 11:04:17

[分享]房地产可行性研究全攻略

<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第一章</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">房地产可行性研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:成功迈出投资第一步</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:可行性研究的误区及相应对策</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:房地产可行性研究战略分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:设计成功的可行性研究流程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:撰写出色的可行性研究报告书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:如何协调可行性研究投资预算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:从全局出发进行可行性研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">使用指南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">可行性研究通常是一种打哪儿指哪儿的游戏,先射出箭,然后画出靶心。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">中国房地产发展的阶段性局限,导致市场的不确定因素较多,项目成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">败的回旋余地也较大.如此也罢,最危险的是可行性研究仅仅成为一纸说辞。《房地产可行性研究实战操作手册》从实用的角度总结了房地产可行性研究的要点与程序,并将之纳入整体战略设计。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:成功近出投资第一步</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">.透视民地产可行性研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">房地产开发项目的可行性研究是在投资决策之前对拟开发的项目进行全面、系统的调查研究和分析,运用科学的技术评价方法,得出一系列评价指标植,以最终确定该项目是否可行的综合研究。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一般来说,可行性研究是以市场供需为立足点,以资源投入为限度,以科学方法为手段,以系列评价指标为结果,它通常要处理两方面的问题:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第一是要确定项目在技术上能否实施;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第二是如何才能取得最佳的效益(主要是经济效益)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">从房地产项目开发的实际情况来看,单从建筑施工技术上讲,一般不存在一时无法突破的重大难点,无论是大跨度桥梁,还是超高层建筑,如上海市的杨浦、南浦大桥,及高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="420" unitname="米">420<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;88</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">层的金茂大厦和高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="468" unitname="米">468<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;"><span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的东方明珠塔就是很好的佐证。可见,关键在于投资的回报,即能否取得最佳的经济效益,并兼顾社会效益和环境效益。</span><br/><br/>2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、项目投资制胜第一法宝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一个房地产项目在实施之前,都必须进行投资可行性分析。在该阶段,可行性分析所要解决的波特定项目成功的可能性问题。当然,一个投资方案有成功的可能性,或者说其是可行的,也并不意味着该项目是合适的。-般情况下,可行性分析要研究的不仅仅是一个方案,而是同时研交多个方案,有时几个方案都可能是可行的,而且都很可能具有吸引力。要在多个可行方案中优选出最优秀方案,研究人员只能在可行性分析的基础上,综合考虑市场、资金、风险等各方面的问题,综合评价合理取舍。可行性研究,至少要能精确地回答这么三个问题:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、这项目是可行的还是不可行的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、如果可行,可行到什么程度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、如果投资,可能遇到的最坏的情况是什么,对此应作什么打算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span></p>

阳关三叠 发表于 2007-9-3 11:05:44

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:房地产可行性研究战略分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">分析角度一:社会经济环免对房地产市场的影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">房地产业不是个孤立的行业,本书多处强调,将房地产业当作国民经济的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">‘</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">喷头产业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">来看待是错误的,这并不仅仅是个说法问题,而是一个最基本的认识问题:到底是房地产业带动国民经济的发展还是国民经济的成长带动房地产业的发展?如果把这个问题搞颠倒了,在形势的判断上就会出现根本性的失误。无论政府还是企业都会导致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">先人为主</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的决策倾向。如年代初海南、惠州、北海等地出现房地产业畸形膨胀,大起大落,都是无视当地国民经济发展情况,主次颠倒,没有摆正房地产业的位置所带来的后果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">分析角度二:当地政府行政行为对市场的影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一些地方政府的城市规划及规划控制水平对当地房地产开发有着直接的影响。众所周知,在城市规划管理比较好的张家港市及江阴市,房地产开发一直处于比较平稳的状态。超前而科学的规划、有效的规模控制、严格的规划管理,使这两个城市的房地产开发避免</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">盲目的、一窝蜂的现象,本着配套一片、开发一片、管理一片的原则,这里的小区住宅市场基本上没有出现供大于求的情况,所有楼盘的预售成绩都很好。与此形成对比的是,不少城市的土地批出规模严重失控,房地产市场管理混乱,造成地皮炒卖现象严重,商品房供应量过大,市场价格起落过剧,地方政府规划管理不妥,给发展商们带来了很大的风险。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">分析角度三:街区环境对房地产营销的影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">古北新区并非上海闹市区,楼价何以如此昂贵?原来,由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年代起率先开发的第一个上海外贸区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">—</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一虹桥开发区,随着愈来愈多外商人驻办公,邻近的古北新区自然成为外商购买或租赁住宅的主要目标。区内满是豪华住宅,住户大部分是港、台同胞及外国人,所以成为上海唯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">—</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一个名副其实的境外人士居住区。这使古北新区享有很高的知名度,并自然形成了一个独特的社交圈及生活社区,区内楼宇质素又不赖,需求者多而且舍得花大价钱,故此售价及租金曾一直稳步上扬。进入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1996&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">年以后,该小区房价虽有所下跌,但仍是国内最贵的地方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">从古北新区的例子可以看出,房地产的价值似乎并不完全取决于楼盘自身的档次和质量,还与周边的街区环境有关。正因为有虹桥开发区的发展,才产生了对古北新区高尚住宅的需求,虹桥开发区与古北新区之间明显存在著功能上的互补关系。街区功能是使房地产实现其市场价值的外在动因。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">投资商自身条件考察</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、考察你的经验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">隔行如隔山,隔山买牛难。任何一家公司都不可能对自己完全不了解的领域进行投资,房地产投资也是如此。即使是已经在房地产业内有一定资历的企业,如果该公司以前是开发市内写字楼的,如今目标投资对象是郊区别墅,那么能不能考虑呢?那要看公司的经理层里是否有具备别墅开发经验的人才,否则还是慎重为好。当然,事情并不是绝对的,当你认为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">经验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">这一风险也值得冒的时候,就不必在这个问题上多思量了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、考察你的投资方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">由于企业背景和实力不同,各房地产投资企业的项目投资方式也不一样。也许你的企业从来不会在建一幢楼后靠出租来获取长期回报,而是建一部分卖一部分,甚至靠预售楼盘来滚动开发,那么对那些适合于长线开发的项目和适于长钱投资的地区,你就要三思而后行了。有时候一个好项目,到了某些房地产企业手里就成了臭狗屎了,想扔也扔不掉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、考察你的融资能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">每一个房地产项目的开发都会遇到借贷和融资问题。问题是你的借贷渠道和融资渠道是否可靠,如果项目建到一半而你的后续资金又无人提供,那可要人命了。笔者见到不少这样的事情:一个建了一半的项目因为没有后续资金而停工两三年,前期成本已经上升了一半,如此就算建好了也无利润可言了,明摆着是亏本的生意。分析角度四:投资商的自身条件对营销的影响俗语说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">太贵有自知之明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。房地产商在进行项目分析时是不可能不对自身的条件进行分析的。一家公司不可能什么样的项目都能开发,也不可能什么样的风险都敢去冒,所以在考察一个地区、一个项目值不值得去投资时,还必须有针对性地权衡:本公司适不适合于那个地区去投资,适不适合于投资那样的项目。</span>

阳关三叠 发表于 2007-9-3 11:11:53

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第四操作环节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">设计成功的可行性研究流程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">A&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">人员安排组合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">项目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">人数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">负责项目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">费用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">时间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">注册房地产估价师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">造价工程师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">市场调查和分析人员</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">经济分析专家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">制作人员</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">社会学,环境等专家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">B</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">:市场分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、宏观因素分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">房地产开发商在一个国家的某个地区拟进行房地产投资时,首先要考虑的是该国的宏观因素如政治、经济、文化、地理地貌、风俗习惯及宗教信仰,有无地区冲突或战争发生的可能性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、区域性因素分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一般来讲,项目所在国内部地区之间的发展是不平衡的,差异总是不同程度地存在,仅研究其宏观因素还不够、还必须对项目所在区域进行因素分析,这是因为:首先</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">宏观经济对区域经济的影响程度不同,对有的区域影响大,有的区域影响小;其次</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">区域经济发展受宏观经济的影响存在着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">时滞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">’</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">现象,宏观的经济现状往往要经过一段长时间以后才能对区域经济的发展产生影响,有的地区反应快,有的地区则滞后性较为明显,投资时必须加以考虑;其三</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">国家特定的地区经济使得某些区域经济或多或少受宏观经济波动的影响,甚至形成于宏观经济趋势相反的逆向走势。我国的经济特区、自由贸易娶、保税区对国际资本依赖程度相对较低,即使在我国宏观经济调整期间,国内资金紧张的情况下,其国际资本所受影响较小,这些地区的项目受到冲击也较小。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>c</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、微观市场分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">对拟投资项目所在地区的房地产微观市场的分析可以分成以下两个部分,其一是对拟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">投资房地产市场的分析,其二是对与投资项目同类型的物业市场分析。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">C:&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">市场预测</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>a&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">需求预测</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">需求预测就是以房地产市场调查的信息、数据和资料为依据,运用科学的方法,对某类物业的市场需求规律和变化趋势进行分析和预测,从而推断出为了市场对该类物业的需求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>b&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">供给预测</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">供给预测就是以房地产市场调查的信息资料和数据为依据,运用科学的方法,对某类物业的市场供给规律和变化趋势进行分析,从而预测为了市场上该类物业的供给情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>c&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">预测方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">通常可以分为时间序列分析法和因果关系分析法。时间序列分析法又可分为:移动平均法,指数平滑法等;因果关系分析法可分为:线性回归法、非线性回归法、模拟法等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">D:&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">成本测算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在房地产开发项目的可行性研究中,项目的成本测算是重要的一环,它由估价师会同造价工程师完成。成本测算的正确与否,如同对租售市场的预测一样,对项目的经济效益有重大的影响,但相对而言,成本测算较易把握。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一般来讲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">成本构成包括以下四个部分:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>A&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">土地前期费:指取得合理的土地的权证,完成土地上现有建筑物的拆迁,开通施工用水、用电、道路以及完成场地平整为止所要的费用。根据取得上地方式的不同,又可分为新征土地前期费、旧区改造前期费和土地批租费三种类型。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>B&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">设计和建筑安装工程费:指完成场地的三通一平以后,从规划设计到土建工程、设备安装、装饰工程及小区配套、小区绿化结束所包括的费用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>C&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">市政配套费:指项目开发时必须向城市市政建设所交付的配套费,主要是由于新增房地产项目所引起的水电费。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">E</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">:财务评价</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">项目投资方案评价的指标一般分为两类:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一类是考虑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">贴现因素的动态指标,即考虑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">货币时间价值因素的指标,包括净现值、获利指数、动态回收期、内含报酬事等指标。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">另一类是非贴现的静态指标,即设有考虑货币时间价值因素的指标,如静态回收期、投资利润率等。在房地产开发项目的评价中一般以动态指标为主,以静态指标为辅。以下简单介绍三种常用的静态评价指标。</span>

阳关三叠 发表于 2007-9-3 11:12:40

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">F</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">:盈亏平衡分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">盈亏平衡分析在财务管理中又称量、本、利分析,是指在一定的市场生产能力条件下,通过分析拟建项目的产出(量)、成本(本)和收益(利)之间的关系,来判断项目优劣及盈利能力的一种方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">盈亏分析的关键是找到盈亏平衡点(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">BPe0K</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">even&nbsp;P0iDt</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)即项目达到盈亏平衡状态利润为零的点。一般来讲,在项目产出能力一定的前提下,盈亏平衡点越低,项目的盈利可能性就越大,经营安全性越好。在房地产项目的可行性研究中,所谓盈亏平衡分析指对特定的项目而言,要找出预计销售收入恰好能弥补成本时的销售量又称保本销售量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">G</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">:动磁性分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">敏感性分析是研究某些因素发生变化时,项目经济效益发生的相应变化,并判断这些因素对项目经济目标的影响程度。敏感性分析不仅可以使开发商了解因素变动对项目财务评价指标的影响程度,还可以使他们对那些较为敏感的因素进行认真和仔细的再研究,以提高项目可行性研究的准确性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">反应敏感程度的指标是敏感系数:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">敏感系数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">=</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">目标值的变化百分比/参数值变动的百分比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">例如:以售价为参数值,以项目的净现金流量现值作为目标值,已知售价增加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">%,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">净现金流量现值增加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">%,则售价的敏感系数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">=20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">%</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">/10%=2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">敏感系数可正可负。若敏感系数为负,说明目标值的变化与参数值的变化方向相反,敏感系数越大,则说明该参量对目标值越敏感,在可行性研究中对该参量的确定须越谨慎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">步骤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">H</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">:风险分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">风险分析又称为概率分析,利用概率值来定量研究各种不同确定因素发生不同幅度变动的概率分布及对方案经济效果的影响,对方案的经济效果指标作出某种概率描述,从而对方案的风险情况作出比较准确的判断。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">操作环节:撰写出色的可行性研究报告书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、可行性研究报告的主事内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一般来讲,专业机构编写一个项目的可行性研究报告应包括封面、摘要、目标、正文、附件和附图六个部分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、封面:一般要反映可行性报告的名称,专业研究编写机构名称及编写报告的时间三个内容。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、摘要:它是用简洁明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">的语言概要介绍项目的概况、市场情况可行性研究的结论及有关说明或假设条件,要突出重点,假设条件清楚,使阅读人员在短时间内能了解全报告的精要。也有专家主张不写摘要,因为可行性研究报告事关重大,阅读者理应仔细全面阅读。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、目录:由于一份可行性报告少则十余页,多则数十页,为了便于写作和阅读人员将报告的前后关系、假设条件及具体内容条理清楚地编写和掌握,必须编写目录。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、正文:它是可行性报告的主体,一般来讲,应包括以下内容:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、概况(包括:项目背景、项目概况、委托方、受托方、可行性研究的目的、可行性研究的编写入员、编写的依据、编写的假设和说明);</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、市场调查和分析;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>C</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、规划设计方案;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>d</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、建设方式和建设进度;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>e</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、投资估算及资金筹措;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>f</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、项目财务评价;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>g</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、风险分析;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>h</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、可行性研究的结论;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>i</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、研究人员对项目的建议;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/>j</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、相应的附表。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、附件:它包含可行性研究的主要依据,是可行性研究报告必不可少的部分。一般来讲,一个项目在做正式的可行性研究时,必须有政府有关部门的批准文件(如规划选址意见书、土地批租合同、土地证、建筑工程许可证等)。专业人员必须依照委托书和上述文件以及相应的法律、法规方能编写项目可行性研究报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、附图:一份完整的可行性报告应包括以下附图:项目的位置图、地形图、规划红线图、设计方案的平面图,有时也包括:项目所在地区或城市的总体规划图等等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span>

阳关三叠 发表于 2007-9-3 11:13:03

<font face="Verdana" size="2">B</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、可行性研究报告正文部分的编写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">正文部分是可行性研究报告的核心部分。内容多,较复杂。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、概况:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)进行可行性研究的背景;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)所研究项目的名称、性质、地址、周边的市政配套和基础设施现状,交通及周围环境等;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">3&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)委托方的名称、地址、法人代表、营业执照登记号及联系人;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)受托方的名称、地址、法人代表、营业执照登记号及联系人;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)可行性研究的目的;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)可行性研究的编写人员名单;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)可行性研究的编写依据;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">)研究报告的假设和说明。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、市场调查分析:要求对项目进行宏观、区域和微观的市场分析和调查,及对未来的供给、需求和价格的预测,不仅要有定性的分析,还要有定量的推导。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、规划设计方案:要求写出项目所具备的规划设计方案及建设过程中市政条件是否具备。市政条件包括水、电、煤、卫、通讯、供暖(部分地区)及道路等的配套情况,在报告中必须有这些市政条件是否具备的书面文件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、建设方式和建设进度:专业人员可对项目的建设方式的委托提出建议或由委托方提供建设方式和进度安排,他们一旦确定则为其后进行投资估算作了准备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、投资预算和资金筹措要求写出项目建设过程中必须发生的各项费用并逐一计算资金筹措部分,要就整个项目投资额和相应的支付时间作出融资安排。例如:自有资金、贷款和预售收入这三种主要资金来源的安排等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、项目的财务评价:要求写出主要财务评价指标的计算结果,如净现值、现值指数、内含报酬率和动态回收期等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、风险分析:一般要求计算出保本销售额、盈亏平衡点及对主要敏感因素在有利和不利情况下的敏感分析并计算出相应的财务评价指标。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、结论:要求写出该项目可行性研究的结论,明确说明该项目是否可行,是否具有较强的抗风险能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/><br/>9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">、有关建议:是专业机构的专业人员在进行可行性研究中发现的一些有利于项目获得更佳的经济效益、社会效益、环境效益等方面的建议,供委托方参考。附表:是可行性研究报告中涉及的诸多计算表,如投资匡算表、销售收入表、资金筹措表、利息计算表、现金流量表、敏感性分析计算表等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;"><br/></span>

阳关三叠 发表于 2007-9-3 11:13:43

<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第6操作环节:如何协调可行性研究投资预算</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一些不大规范的房地产项目可行性研究报告,其中的项目投资概算只包含7项目建设的工程概算。这样算帐不好。一个房地产项目不等于一个简单的建筑物,它需要营销成本、金融成本和建筑成本,项目投资就是为了满足这些成本支出。而且,工程概算也不一定就等于发展商对项目工程建设的实际投资。在被证明星可行的前提下,边回收资金边追加投入的滚动式投资开发方式也是可以采取的,这样一来发展商在工程建设上的实际总投入就会小得多。以工程概算代替项目投资概算是极不严肃的。房地产项目的投资概算应包括以下内容:</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">营销开支概算,包括:<br/>项目前研究及可行性研究的开支<br/>项目策划的开支<br/>销售策划的开支<br/>广告开支<br/>项目公司日常运作的开支<br/>项目及企业的公关开支<br/>工程开支概算,包括:<br/>用于工程勘探的开支<br/>用于吹沙填土、平整土地的开支<br/>用于工程设计的开支<br/>用于建筑施工的开支<br/>用于设施配套的开支<br/>用于工程监理的开支<br/>土地征用开支概算,包括:<br/>政府一次性收取的标准地价<br/>用于拆迁补偿或青苗补偿的开支<br/>影响公共设施而出现的赔偿开支<br/>金融成本开支,包括:<br/>外汇资金进入国内货币系统产生的银行担保及管理费用支出<br/>贷款引起的利息支出<br/>各项保险开支<br/>税收和行政性收费<br/>不可预见开支<br/>第7操作环节:从全局出发进行可行性研究</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">现实化的可行性研究前握</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 事实上,一个好的市场营销者才是一个最好的利润创造者和挖掘者,他们致力于分析各种营销机会的利润潜力,捕捉赢利机会。这样的房屋是有目的、有针对性地建造的。优秀的房地产公司应从机构内外来纵观其业务,监视变化中的环境并抓住最佳的机会。公司营销人员的主要职责是辨别外界环境中的主要变化,通过设立早期预警系统,及肘改变营销策略,去迎接营销环境中的新挑战和新机会。 消费者市场分析与营销环境分析同等重要。消费者市场包括个人和家庭、消费者在年龄、收入、教育程度、迁移状态及兴趣等方面差异极大,营销者区分不同消费者群体和细小的市场,并按照他们的需要来开发产品和服务是非常有用处的。我们应在分析消费者行为的基础上,从消费者购买心理入手,分析营销策划人员如何制定营销计划。具体来讲就是要研究如下问题:购买什么?为什么购买?购买者是谁?如何购买?何地购买?何处购买?</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">为选定市场和制定策略而进行可行性研究</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">在此基础上,我们应进行细致而有针对性的市场调研,进行市场分析,并选定适合的目标市场,制定产品的定位策略、产品开发和定价策略、营销渠道策略、促销组合策略及售后服务即物业管理策略。公司要对每个选定的细分市场制定产品定位策略。他需要向客户说明本公司与现有竞争者和潜在竞争者有什么区别。定位是勾划公司形象和所提供价值的行为,以此使该细分市场的顾客理解和正确认识本公司有别于其竞争者的特征。定位任务包括三个步骤:</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">明确一些可利用的竞争优势;</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">选择若干个适用的优势;</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">有效地向市场表明公司的定位观念。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">产品是营销首要和最重要的因素,房地产产品策略需要对产品类 型的选择、开发风险的选择以及开发方案的制订与效益分析作出决策。房地 产产品类型可大致分为土地、住宅、公寓、购物中心和商店、工业建筑、旅 馆及其他特殊用途的物业。房地产产品开发风险的选择与房地产开发资金的 筹措渠道密不可分。风险和收益是成正比的,如果某一项目不能产生足够收 入偿还抵押并产生正现金流量或者项目的总债务超过其价值则被认为是筹资 过度,明智的办法是在准备随风险的限度内尽量赚钱,应保留部分现金和兑 现性强的财产。房地产开发策略即为作出种种投资决定而事先安排的计划一 一投资多少?投资哪类?何处投资以及如何着手?开发方案一般包括下列内容:开发目标、投资规模与投资额、营运费用及税费、投资收益方式与收益 大小、经营期间现金流量分析。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">纳入整体营销方案的可行性研究</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">一个好的房地产营销方案最终有一个好的计划书,以便在整体上把握整个营销活 动。计划一般应包括以下八大内容:</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">1、计划概要(便于决策者快速浏览)<br/>2、市场营销现状(提供背景资料)<br/>3、机会与问题分析<br/>4、目标、销售量、市场占有率、盈利水平<br/>5、市场营销策略<br/>6、行动方案:做什么?谁去做?如何做?何时做?费用多少?<br/>7、预计盈亏报表<br/>8、控制措施<br/>策略涉及的是营销活动“是什么”和“为什么”的问题,而执行则涉及“谁?”“时 间?”“地点?”“怎么样?”等问题。影响有效执行营销方案的因素主要有:发现及诊断问题的技能:评定存在问题的技能;执行计划的技能;评估执行效果的技能。</span></p>

电影专用 发表于 2007-9-3 14:11:28

<p>强,受益匪浅,感谢楼主共享这么好的文章。</p>

xtsyfzb 发表于 2007-9-4 16:23:04

<p>有参考价值</p>

toplife 发表于 2007-9-18 15:46:53

<p>好好整理一下,如果能详细点最好</p>

aclqd 发表于 2007-11-12 14:30:02

弓虽
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